目的　探讨原发性胆囊癌的早期诊断及其相关危险因素。方法　回顾性分析 44例原发性胆囊癌患者的临床资料及手术治疗情况。结果　 44例原发性胆囊癌患者中 ,有胆道疾病史者 3 4例 ;首发症状以腹痛最为常见 ,共 3 8例 (86.4% ) ,其次为黄疸 2 6例 (5 9.1% ) ,肝脏肿大 2 2例 (5 0 .0 % ) ,发热 2 1例 (4 7.7% )。B超和CT诊断准确率分别为 3 6.4%和 85 .5 % ;3 1例患者行手术治疗 ,术前确诊率为 3 8.7%。结论　原发性胆囊癌早期诊断非常不易。CT诊断准确率较高。胆囊结石、胆囊炎以及胆囊息肉为原发性胆囊癌的相关危险因素 Objective To investigate the early diagnosis of gallbladder cancer and its related risk factors. Methods Retrospective analysis of 44 cases of primary gallbladder cancer in patients with clinical data and surgical treatment. Results Of the 44 patients with primary gallbladder cancer, 34 had a history of biliary tract disease. The first symptom was abdominal pain, with 38 (86.4%) being the most common symptom, followed by 26 (55.1%) with jaundice Large 222 cases (5.0%), fever in 21 cases (4 7.7%). The diagnostic accuracy of B-ultrasound and CT was 34.4% and 85.5% respectively. Surgical treatment was performed in 31 patients, with a preoperative diagnosis rate of 37.7%. Conclusion Early diagnosis of primary gallbladder cancer is not easy. CT diagnostic accuracy is higher. Gallstone, cholecystitis and gallbladder polyps are the risk factors associated with primary gallbladder cancer