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马歇尔使华是中国现代史上的一件大事。它对战后中国局势和中美关系的发展产生了深远的影响。1945年12月20日,马歇尔以杜鲁门总统特使的身份抵达中国,开始调处国共争端。整个调处期间,由马歇尔主持或参加的有正式记录可查的会议三百次,而马歇尔本人在美国国会作证时,所列举的数字更高达六百次。在这日复一日的建议和反建议的谈判中,马歇尔表现出耐心和顽强的态度。在很大程度上由于马歇尔的努力,国共签定了停战令、政协决议、整编协定和东北停战令,全面内战推迟了半年时间。但马歇尔的和平努力最后以失败告终,中国爆发了空前规模的内战,他也于1947年1月8日暗然赋归。 马歇尔使华,是学术界一直争论不休的问题,国内外作了大量的研究。这些研究著作观点不同,立论各异,其中不乏真知灼见,对马歇尔使华作了多方的探讨。但这些著作主要利用美国的官方材料,从美国对华政策的角度来观察问题,认为美国援蒋政策是导致马歇尔调处失败的原因,不免有一定的片面性。
Marshall makes China a major event in the modern history of China. It has had a profound impact on the post-war situation in China and on the development of the Sino-U.S. Relations. On December 20, 1945, Marshall arrived in China as the special envoy of President Truman and began to mediate the dispute between the KMT and the CPC. During the entire mediation period, there were three hundred formal meetings tracked or chaired by Marshall, and Marshall himself cited as many as six hundred enumerations at the U.S. Congress. Marshall showed patience and stubbornness in this day-to-day proposal and the counter-proposal negotiations. To a large extent, thanks to Marshall’s efforts, the Kuomintang and the Communists signed the Armistice Order, the CPPCC resolutions, the reorganization agreement and the Northeast Truce Order. The entire civil war was postponed for six months. However, as Marshall’s peace efforts ended in failure, an unprecedented civil war broke out in China. He also secretly retired on January 8, 1947. To make Marshall’s ambassador to China is a topic that the academic circles have been debating endlessly and made a great deal of study both at home and abroad. These research works have different perspectives, different arguments, many of whom are very insightful and have made multi-faceted discussions about Marshall. However, these works mainly use the official materials from the United States to observe the issue from the perspective of U.S.-China policy. They think that the policy of U.S. aid to Jiang is the reason that led to the failure of Marshall’s mediation and inevitably has a certain one-sidedness.