人类的生存与发展和环境有着密切的关系,自然环境给人类带来了地震、洪灾和海啸的考验。同时,人类的生产与工程活动,尤其是城市的基础设施的快速建设,又造成了更多的环境公害,如抽取地下水引起地面沉降;采矿造成采空区坍塌;隧道开挖可能引起临近建(构)筑物倾斜、基础开裂以及地下管线的爆 Human existence and development are closely related to the environment. The natural environment has brought human beings to the test of earthquakes, floods and tsunamis. At the same time, human production and engineering activities, especially the rapid construction of urban infrastructure, have resulted in more environmental hazards such as ground subsidence caused by groundwater extraction; collapse of mined-out areas caused by mining; and tunnel excavation, which may cause near-built Structure) tilt, foundation cracking and underground pipeline explosion