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19世纪60至90年代,洋务论者提出了向西方学习、谋求富国强兵的种种主张,形成了一股低层次的近代化改革开放思潮——洋务思潮。这股思潮顺应了历史潮流的发展,冲开了闭关锁国和传统思想的藩篱,提出了变局论,倡导军事、经济、文化教育和外交等方面的改革和开放,揭开了中国早期近代化的序幕。兹就此作一粗浅的论述利探讨。 一 洋务思潮的发生,是当时社会急剧变化在人们思想观念上的反映。第二次鸦片战争失败,英法联军攻占北京、火烧圆明园之后,中国蒙受了奇耻大辱。社会上的有识之士渴求重新认识世界,喊出了振兴华夏的微弱呼声;统治阶级中的开明之士也已预感到
During the 1960s and 1990s, the Westernizationists put forward various proposals to learn from the West and seek the cause of becoming rich and the powerful, and formed a low-level ideological trend of modernization and opening up-the Westernization Movement. This trend of thought conformed to the development of the historical trend, opened the barriers that closed the door to the country and traditional thinking, put forward the theory of change of state and advocated the reform and opening up in military, economic, cultural, educational and diplomatic fields, and opened the prelude to China’s early modernization . Here is a superficial discussion and discussion. The emergence of a Western-style ideological trend was a reflection of the drastic social changes in people’s ideology and concepts. After the Second Opium War failed, the Anglo-French coalition forces captured Beijing and the Yuanmingyuan Tower was burned down, China suffered a great shame. The people of insight in the society are eager to re-recognize the world and shout out the weak voice of rejuvenating Huaxia; the enlightened people in the ruling class have also foreseen