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碳纤维环氧复合材料是目前航空领域中应用最为广泛的结构材料之一,但其本身具有可燃性,一旦起火,会严重危及飞机结构安全。建立碳纤维环氧复合材料火灾评价体系,以层次分析法为基础,结合锥形量热仪试验数据对3种典型的碳纤维环氧复合材料的火灾危险性进行了综合评价。通过理论分析和试验测试得到FGI(火势增长指数)、THRI_(4min)(放热指数)、TSPI_(4min)(发烟指数)和ToxPI_(4min)(毒性气体生成速率指数)4个火灾危险性评价指数,能够很好地量化典型碳纤维环氧复合材料的火灾危险性,FGI能更好地辨识碳纤维环氧复合材料的火灾危险性。结果表明,双向碳纤维布和单向碳纤维预浸料的火灾危险性接近,表明织造方式的不同对火灾危险性影响很小,而碳纤维夹层板的火灾危险性相对较大。轻型飞机仪表箱部位相对于仪表板和机身框,火灾危险性较大,对此部位的防火应提出更高的要求。
Carbon fiber epoxy composites are one of the most widely used structural materials in the aviation field at present, but they are inherently flammable. Once a fire breaks out, the structural safety of the aircraft will be seriously endangered. Based on the analytic hierarchy process and the experimental data of cone calorimeter, the fire risk of three kinds of typical carbon fiber epoxy composites was comprehensively evaluated. Four fire hazards (FGI, THRI 4 (exothermic), TSPI 4min (smoke index) and ToxPI 4min (toxic gas generation rate index) were obtained through theoretical analysis and experimental tests. The evaluation index, which quantifies the fire risk of typical carbon fiber epoxy composites, enables FGI to better identify the fire hazard of carbon fiber epoxy composites. The results show that the fire hazards of biaxial carbon fiber cloth and unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg are similar, indicating that the different weaving methods have little effect on the fire risk while the fire risk of carbon fiber sandwich panel is relatively large. Relative to the instrument panel light aircraft fuselage and fuselage frame, a greater risk of fire, this part of the fire should put forward higher requirements.