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肺癌是全球病死率居首位的恶性肿瘤。由于早诊不足使得80%的肺癌患者确诊时处于晚期，而晚期肺癌患者又由于无法耐药组织病理活检而失去精准治疗的机会，极大地影响了肺癌患者的生存期。以安全微创和可重复动态检测为特点的液体活检在肺癌患者的早期诊断、靶点检测、耐药监测和预后评估中均发挥了重要作用。同样，液体活检在肺癌诊疗中也面临一系列的挑战：如何挑选合适的样本类型，如何利用液体活检的多种检测成分，如何选择有效的检测方法，以及如何提高液体活检在免疫治疗中的应用价值等。本文就液体活检在肺癌诊治中的相关应用进展和目前临床应用中面临的相关挑战作一综述。“,”Lung cancer is the malignant tumors with the highest mortality in the world.Due to the lack of early diagnosis, 80% of lung cancer patients are in the advanced stage at the time of diagnosis, and advanced lung cancer patients lose the opportunity of precise treatment due to the failure of drug-resistant histopathological biopsy, which greatly affects the survival of lung cancer patients.Liquid biopsy, characterized by safe minimally invasive and repeatable dynamic detection, has played an important role in the early diagnosis, target detection, drug resistance monitoring and prognostic evaluation of lung cancer patients.Similarly, liquid biopsy also faces a series of challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer: how to choose the appropriate sample type, how to use the multiple detection components of liquid biopsy, how to choose an effective detection method, and how to improve the application of liquid biopsy in immunotherapy value etc.This article reviews the progress of the application of liquid biopsy in the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer and the related challenges facing the current clinical application.