(一)把人比拟成机器,试图根据机器的结构原理来理解人体机能,又根据人体的机能活动来设计制造机器,这是古往今来令人神往的问题。远在古代,人们就制作了各种简单的自动机。比如,公元一世纪时,希腊人盖隆·亚历山特里斯基曾经描绘过模仿人的动作的人形自动机。十七、十八世纪,在工程技术上被称为钟表时代,而钟表正就是一种利用弹簧动力的自动机。十八、十九世纪,世界又进入了蒸汽机时代。大家知道,蒸汽机上有一种瓦特调 (A) The comparison of people into machines, trying to understand the function of the human body according to the structural principle of the machine, and designing and manufacturing the machine according to the functional activities of the human body are the fascinating issues of the past and present. Far ancient times, people made a variety of simple automatons. For example, in the first century AD, the Greek Gailon Alexandrezki once described a humanoid automaton that mimics human actions. Seventeenth, eighteenth Century, in engineering and technology known as the watch era, and the clock is just a spring-powered automatic machine. Eighteen, nineteenth Century, the world has entered a steam engine era. We all know that there is a watt on the steam engine