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20世纪初的俄国整体上仍是一个前资本主义关系占主导的国家。按照唯物史观基本原理,其历史任务只能是大力发展资本主义而非进行消灭资本主义的社会主义革命。以列宁为首的俄国布尔什维克党人没有运用唯物史观的基本原理分析俄国的国情,而是事实上同民粹派一样,并不希望资本主义在俄国发展起来。布尔什维克党人的一系列理论活动都是为了尽快在俄国消灭资本主义服务的,并最终通过暴力革命铲除俄国的资本主义幼芽,导致了国家现代化进程的逆转。
At the beginning of the 20th century, Russia as a whole remained a country dominated by pre-capitalist relations. According to the basic principle of historical materialism, its historical task can only be to develop capitalism rather than carry out a socialist revolution that eradicates capitalism. The Russian Bolsheviks, led by Lenin, did not use the basic principles of historical materialism to analyze Russia’s national conditions, but in fact, like the Narodniks, they did not expect the development of capitalism in Russia. A series of theoretical activities by the Bolsheviks were aimed at exterminating capitalist services in Russia as soon as possible and eventually eradicating Russia’s capitalist sprout through violent revolutions, leading to a reversal of the process of national modernization.