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经典发展经济学对于城乡移民与全社会居民收入不平等之间关系的解释,由于其假定前提在中国并不具备而难以解释中国的现实。文章引入户籍制度、城乡分割政策、城市内部两部门经济等带有中国特色的因素,建立了一个解释中国城乡移民与总体居民收入不平等关系的动态模型。研究表明,在存在户籍制度和城市正规部门非制度性进入障碍的前提下,城乡移民将导致以变异系数衡量的总体收入不平等程度的单调增加。取消户籍制度只能缓解总体收入不平等程度的单调增加而不能改变这一趋势。而如果在取消户籍制度的同时,能够逐步消除城市正规部门的非制度性进入障碍,则总体收入不平等程度将单调下降,从而形成库兹涅茨的“倒U”过程。
Classical economics of development The explanation of the relationship between urban-rural migration and inequality in income of the whole society is difficult to explain China’s reality because its hypothetical premises are not available in China. This article introduces the household registration system, the policy of urban and rural areas division, the economy of the two departments within the city and other factors with Chinese characteristics, and establishes a dynamic model to explain the inequality of income between urban and rural residents in China. The research shows that urban-rural migrants will lead to a monotonous increase of the overall income inequality as measured by the coefficient of variation under the premise of non-institutional barriers to household registration and urban formalities. Canceling the household registration system can only alleviate the monotonous increase of the overall income inequality and can not change this trend. However, if we cancel the household registration system and gradually remove the non-institutional barriers to entry in the urban formal sector, the overall income inequality will decline monotonously, resulting in Kuznets’s “inverted U” process.