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发展低碳经济、降低温室气体(Greenhouse Gas,GHG)排放已经成为了应对全球气候问题的共识。在中国,建筑相关GHG的排放是最主要排放GHG的源头之一,政府如何通过政策手段引导建筑领域的GHG减排具有重要的研究意义。本文对国内外建筑GHG减排政策进行了文献综述,将减排政策的类型归纳为强制性制度、激励性政策和基于GHG定价的减排政策三大类。对每类减排政策运行的基本原理、作用效果进行分析,并归纳其优缺点。强制性制度与激励性政策较易于实施,但在减排效果上存在局限;基于GHG定价的减排政策减排效率更高,但需要较强的政府管理能力。各类减排政策具有各自的优缺点,政府需要根据实际情况,有针对性地选择相应的政策手段或政策手段组合,将各类减排政策的特点结合起来,扬长避短,引导建筑相关产业向节能减排方向发展。
Developing a low-carbon economy and reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have become the consensus to address global climate issues. In China, the emission of building-related GHG is one of the most important sources of GHG emissions. It is of great significance for the government to guide the GHG emission reduction in the construction sector through policy measures. This article reviews the GHG emission reduction policies at home and abroad, and summarizes the types of emission reduction policies into three categories: mandatory system, incentive policies and emission reduction policies based on GHG pricing. The basic principle and effect of each kind of emission reduction policy operation are analyzed, and the advantages and disadvantages are summed up. Mandatory and incentive policies are easier to implement but have limited effectiveness in reducing emissions; GHG-based emission reduction policies are more efficient in reducing emissions but require stronger government management capabilities. All kinds of emission reduction policies have their own advantages and disadvantages, the government needs to select the appropriate policy instruments or combination of policy instruments in accordance with the actual situation, combine the characteristics of various types of emission reduction policies, avoid weaknesses and guide the construction-related industries to energy conservation Emission reduction direction.