据国家 1990年流行病学调查 ,儿童结核菌素阳性率2 3 4 % ,7岁感染率为 6 6 % ,推算年感染率为 0 8% ,发病率为 172 1/10万 ,死亡率为 6 4 1/10万 ,死于结核性脑膜炎者为 0 5 /10万[1] ,说明儿童结核病在我国仍然是常见病 ,且死亡率高。及时发现感染者并控制他们的发病是 According to the national epidemiological survey conducted in 1990, the positive rate of tuberculin in children was 23.4% and the infection rate at 6 years was 6.6%. The estimated annual infection rate was 0.8% and the incidence rate was 172 1/100 and the mortality rate was 6 4 1/10 million and 0 5/10 million died of tuberculous meningitis [1], indicating that children’s tuberculosis is still a common disease in our country with a high mortality rate. Timely detection of infected people and control their incidence is