本文着重討論在硫化物矿床氧化的最后阶段,經过强烈淋滤而形成的所謂“褐鉄矿”鉄帽。这种铁帽一般缺少肉眼能鑑別的有用金属氧化矿物,它們与沉积或渗滤成因的褐鉄矿(或所謂“假铁帽”)很难区別。在1958年我国各地都发現了各种各样的“褐鉄矿”, This article focuses on the so-called “brown coal mine” cap formed after intense leaching in the final stage of sulphide oxidation. Such iron caps generally lack useful metal oxide minerals that can be identified with the naked eye, which are very difficult to distinguish from brown iron ore deposits (or so-called “fake iron caps”) that cause sedimentation or diafiltration. In 1958, various kinds of “brown rice mines” were found all over China,