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塔里木胡杨自然保护区作为世界原始胡杨生长最好、保存最完整的地方,在研究胡杨对环境约束的适应机制方面提供十分宝贵的资源。胡杨对干旱,盐碱有极强的忍耐力,因此,它作为塔里木胡杨自然保护区的主要保护对象,在保持整个塔里木河流域生态平衡中起到重要的作用。近年来,由于干旱区特殊的环境、地形地貌条件以及人类对水、土地资源的不合理利用导致了地表水资源的减少,地下水位的下降,最终引起了胡杨生态环境的退化。本文以塔里木胡杨自然保护区为例研究分析塔里木河流域胡杨生态系统脆弱性影响因素及其相互作用机制,并提出一些有益的对策和建议。
As the best and most preserved place in the world for native Populus euphratica, Tarim Nature Reserve provides a very valuable resource for studying Populus euphratica adaptation mechanism for environmental constraints. Populus euphratica has extreme endurance to drought and saline-alkali so it plays an important role in protecting the ecological balance of Tarim River Basin as the main protection object of the Tarim Nature Reserve. In recent years, due to the special environment of the arid area, topography and landform conditions as well as human use of water and land resources, the decrease of surface water resources and the decrease of groundwater level eventually led to the degradation of the ecological environment of Populus euphratica. This paper takes the Tarim Nature Reserve as an example to study the influencing factors and their interaction mechanisms of the vulnerability of Populus euphratica ecosystem in the Tarim River Basin and put forward some beneficial countermeasures and suggestions.