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国家石油公司拥有世界上大部分的石油储量,将是世界石油市场的主要力量,国际大石油公司的作用可能继续弱化。国家石油公司与国际大石油公司最大的区别在于前者需要实现政府期望的石油财富重新分配、创造就业机会、全面发展国家经济、维护经济和能源安全等非商业目标。这些目标制约了国家石油公司储量接替和扩大油气产量的能力。虽然所有的国家石油公司都在某种程度上响应本国政府的目标,但是不同的国家对国家石油公司的影响又有很大的不同。经济相对发达的国家,其国家石油公司更多地按照商业战略进行经营。另外,国家石油公司在效率、投资、获取资本的能力方面等也存在一定的局限性。国家石油公司在全球石油市场中的作用越来越大,这对于石油进口国有着重要的政策影响。石油进口国必须对由此带来的利益和挑战进行讨论与辨析。
National oil companies, which own most of the world’s oil reserves, will be the main force in the world oil market and the role of international oil companies may continue to weaken. The biggest difference between CNPC and international oil companies lies in the fact that the former needs to realize non-commercial goals such as the government’s desire to redistribute the oil wealth, create employment opportunities, develop the national economy in an all-round way, and maintain economic and energy security. These goals have constrained the ability of national oil companies to take over and expand their oil and gas reserves. Although all national oil companies are to some extent responsive to the goals of their own governments, the impact of different countries on national oil companies is quite different. Relatively developed countries, their national oil companies more business strategy in accordance with the business. In addition, the national oil companies have some limitations in terms of efficiency, investment and ability to acquire capital. The increasing role of national oil companies in the global oil market has important policy implications for oil-importing countries. The oil importing countries must discuss and differentiate the benefits and challenges they bring.