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目的了解潍坊市2007-2012年麻疹疫情流行规律,为消除麻疹策略提供科学依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法,研究探讨潍坊市2007-2012年麻疹流行规律。结果 2007-2012年潍坊市报告麻疹确诊病例385例,均为散发病例,无死亡病例,年均发病率为0.72/10万,其中,2008、2010年出现两个发病高峰,发病率分别为1.49/10万、1.17/10万,2012年发病率降至0.033/10万。3-5月为发病高峰,病例主要集中在寿光、诸城、安丘、青州四个市,占72.73%(280/385)。发病年龄最小2个月,最大63岁,病例年龄以<1岁婴儿和20~44岁成年人为主。职业以民工、工人、农民和散居儿童为主,民工、工人和农民所占比例平均为52.47%(202/385);散居儿童所占比例平均为22.08%(85/385);民工、工人、农民和散居儿童发病人群所占比例逐渐升高,托幼儿童和学生逐渐降低。≥8月龄病例中有明确麻疹疫苗免疫史者96例,占26.74%;其中8月龄~14岁有明确麻疹免疫史者66例,占该年龄组病例的66%。结论潍坊市麻疹发病年龄构成以小于1岁婴儿和20~44岁成年人为主,出现向两极移动现象,1岁以下婴幼儿发病呈上升趋势。今后要提高常规免疫接种率和及时接种率,降低小年龄儿童麻疹发病率;适时对重点地区、重点人群开展疫苗麻疹强化免疫,消除免疫空白。
Objective To understand the prevalence of measles epidemics in Weifang from 2007 to 2012 and provide a scientific basis for eliminating measles. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to study the prevalence of measles in Weifang from 2007 to 2012. Results A total of 385 measles cases were reported in Weifang City from 2007 to 2012, all of which were sporadic cases and no deaths, with an average annual incidence of 0.72 / 100 000. Among them, two were found in 2008 and 2010, with the incidence rates of 1.49 / 100,000, 1.17 / 100,000, the incidence in 2012 dropped to 0.033 / 100,000. March-May peak incidence, the cases are mainly concentrated in Shouguang, Zhucheng, Anqiu, Qingzhou four cities, accounting for 72.73% (280/385). The minimum age of onset 2 months, maximum 63 years old, case age <1 year old infants and 20 to 44 years old adults dominated. The average occupations of migrant workers, workers and peasants were 52.47% (202/385). The average number of scattered children was 22.08% (85/385). The migrant workers, workers, The proportion of peasants and children living with diarrhea increased gradually, and the number of nursery children and students gradually decreased. There were 96 cases with measles vaccine immunization history in ≥ 8 months old, accounting for 26.74%. Among them, 66 cases had measles immunization history from 8 months to 14 years old, accounting for 66% of cases in this age group. Conclusion The age of onset of measles in Weifang City is dominated by infants less than 1 year old and 20-44 years old adults, with the phenomenon of bipolar migration. The incidence of infants under 1 year old is on the rise. In the future, routine immunization coverage and timely immunization rates should be raised to reduce the incidence of measles in children of small ages. Vaccination against measles in key areas and key populations should be strengthened in time to eliminate the immune blanket.