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Abstract The purpose of pretreating raw materials of reconstituted tobacco is to improve the quality of raw materials as well as product quality and production efficiency. In recent years, the research achievements and equipment status of the pretreatment technology of reconstituted tobacco raw materials in China were systematically reviewed, and the research and equipment development prospects of the pretreatment technology of reconstituted tobacco raw materials were prospected.
Key words Reconstituted tobacco; Raw material; Pretreatment technology
Received: September 23, 2020 Accepted: November 29, 2020
Zhen XIONG (1988-), female, P. R. China, engineer, devoted to research about reconstituted tobacco.
*Corresponding author. E-mail: xiongzhen@cts-yn.com.
Reconstituted tobacco is obtained from the industrial recombination and processing of tobacco waste (fragments, cigarette ends, tobacco stalks, non-applicable tobacco leaves for industry, etc.). The physical and chemical characteristics of reconstituted tobacco are similar to natural tobacco［1-4］, which have significant effects on reducing coke and harm of cigarettes and have been recognized by people. However, most of the raw materials are produced in the threshing & redrying and cigarette processing. The size of tobacco stalk is uneven, the water content is greatly different, and the chemical composition of tobacco stalk fluctuates greatly in the threshing & redrying. The degree of homogenization of smoke dust and debris is low, and there are many sundries such as stalk stick, dust and hemp rope. The soot sticks produced during the process of making silk rolls are poor in purity. The stems and leaves are not separated, and some raw materials mildew. The overall stability of raw materials is poor, and if directly used in the production of reconstituted tobacco, it will have a great impact on product quality［5］. In order to improve the quality of reconstituted tobacco, it is important to ensure the uniformity, stability and safety of raw materials. Therefore, many scholars have paid attention to the pretreatment technology and equipment of reconstituted tobacco raw material. This article summarizes the typical raw material pretreatment technology and equipment for reconstituted tobacco production, including raw material classification, leaf and stem separation, water regulation and purification and removal of impurities, etc., to provide a raw material basis for subsequent formulation modular processing, and a brief introduction to raw material pretreatment Processing technology and equipment. It aims to provide a reference for the selection of pretreatment technology and equipment for the production of raw materials for reconstituted tobacco. Finishing Classification
There are many batches and uneven quality of reconstituted tobacco raw materials. However, raw materials are one of the factors to guarantee the quality of reconstituted tobacco, so it is important to control the quality of raw materials before feeding. According to the characteristics of the raw materials, they are pretreated by different sorting and grading methods. For example, For industrial tobacco, the current common method is to manually remove the packaging bag ［6-7］, combined with the demand of tobacco leaf raw materials, moldy and carbonized raw materials were removed by manual solution. Fragments, tobacco powder and tobacco soot can pass screening technology, and the reference equipment is a vibrating screen［8］, through which tobacco by-products with the required size can be screened. After the tobacco leaves are measured, they are transported into the waste tobacco crushing device. After being crushed to a size suitable for the production of reconstituted tobacco, the mixed raw materials transported to the air separation chamber are neutralized and thrown. The weight of the stems, leaves and impurities are adjusted by adjusting the wind and wind speed. Substances with different shapes are separated and flow out from different blanking openings. The tobacco leaf treatment stem and leaf separation process ensures the stable quality of raw materials ［9］.
Stems and Leaves Separated
At present, discarded tobacco is widely used as raw materials for the production of reconstituted tobacco, and the overall quality of discarded tobacco is uneven. If it is applied to the production of reconstituted tobacco, it will inevitably affect the quality of reconstituted tobacco, which needs to be treated［10］. Zhang et al.［11］ invented a paper-making method for reconstituted tobacco raw material stem and leaf separation system, which consists of a hoist, a stem leaf cracking machine, a wind separator, and a blanking device in turn to form a system. William. Cunningham［12］ invented a device for tobacco threshing , including a rotatable tearing device and a feeder. The feeder includes a pair of elements for feeding tobacco into the tearing device that cooperate with each other and can rotate in opposite directions. The feeder and the tearing device are configured to be subjected to a shearing force when the tobacco leaves pass through the counter-rotating element and the rotating tearing device, and the shearing force can tear at least a part of the tobacco leaves from the tobacco stems. ［4］ QIN Y, XIONG Z, QIU Y, et al. Discussion on the present situation of recycled tobacco leaves by papermaking ［J］. Modern agricultural science and technology, 2015(22): 302-303.
［5］ CHEN ZH, LINY. Analysis on the process, characteristics and functions of remanufactured tobacco leaves［J］. Guangdong chemical industry, 2015, 42(16): 139-139.
［6］ SUN CS, LI JL, CHENG XY, et al. Application of leaf separation technology in double roasting［J］. China tobacco science, 2007, 28(2): 14-16.
［7］ MI L, XIONG Z, QIN Y, et al. Internal quality improvement of tobacco leaf beating and rebaking not applicable to industry［J］. Hubei agricultural science, 2016(19): 5144-5147.
［8］ ZHANG JR, YU BY, ZHOU Q, et al. Screening device for rejecting large pieces of reconstituted tobacco finished products. CN2013204889063［P］. 2013-08-12.
［9］ LI ZW, YU HT, XU GJ, et al. Reconstituted tobacco leaf stems raw material pretreatment and impurity separation equipment. CN103769368A［P］. 2014-05-17.
［10］ ZHU Z, LI CG, WANG HB, et al. Technical improvement design and test of vibrating screening machine for tobacco mixed silk before adding incense［J］. Journal of anhui agricultural science, 2012, 40(2): 1166-1168.
［11］ ZHANG WJ, XIONG Z, ZHOU GY, et al. A separation system for leaf stalk and leaf separation of tobacco raw materials by paper making. CN201621425328.9［P］. 2016.
［12］ William Cunningham. Tobacco threshing equipment and technology: CN1240335［P］.1997-12-12
［13］ QIN Y, MIL, XIONG Z, et al. A method and equipment for moisture regulation of recycled tobacco leaves. CN105686058B［P］. 2017-09-19.
［14］ ZHANG QL, ZHANGH, LI JP, et al. Improvement of energy saving and efficiency of moisture recovery system of leaf remaster［C］//the 17th session of the 15th annual meeting of China association for science and technology: proceedings of the symposium on composite materials and energy saving and emission reduction. 2013.
［15］ GUAN P, CHEN YX, SUN Y, et al. Application method of a kind of ash bar in paper making and remanufacturing tobacco leaves. CN2011103657187［P］. 2012-06-20.
［16］ YANG T, YUAN XQ, HU JW, et al. A new method of using tobacco stems. CN104095281B［P］. 2016-04-06.
［17］ LU XD. Application of automatic electromagnetic dedusting technology in tobacco dedusting process［J］. Measurement and control technology, 2015, 34(4): 93-96.
［18］ LU YZ, ZHOU LM, DING NH, et al. Effects of air separation of mixed tobacco leaves after double roasting on the quality of tobacco raw materials［J］. Journal of Anhui agricultural sciences, 2014, 442 (9): 2739-2740. ［19］ SUN DP, WANG FL. Harm Reduction recombinant tobacco tar and preparation method, CN2014107283247［P］. 2014-12-03.
［20］ MING MZ, TAO DP, ZHAO B. Discussion on several problems in stem washing process［J］. Tobacco science and technology, 1999(4): 13.
［21］ YANG SZ, YANG DJ, SONG JH, et al. Study on the Controllability of Tobacco Stem Moisture in the Process of Washing Stem ［J］. Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2013, 000(018):121-122.
［22］ ZHAO YC. Method for processing microwave-expanded tobacco stems. CN2012102154077［P］.2012-6-27.
［23］ LI J, XU JC, YANG WZ, et al. Method and equipment for pretreatment of tobacco stems. CN2008100580374 ［P］. 2008-01-17.
［24］ LIAO Q, ZHENG LF, WU JF. Application of process performance index in process parameter optimization of tobacco stem pretreatment［J］. Journal of agricultural products processing, 2012(02): 79-81.
［25］ LIU BQ, ZHANG J, CAO M, et al. Reconstituted tobacco raw material pretreatment and production feeding automatic control integrated process. CN201010613002X［P］. 2010-12-30.
［26］ WANG WL. Tobacco flake raw material pretreatment ingredients and raw material pretreatment mixing system.CN2014200546478［P］. 2014-01-28.
［27］ BAI XL, GONG RG, ZOU Q, et al. Method for pretreating raw material of reconstituted tobacco leaf by papermaking method. CN2013105648707［P］. 2013-11-14.
［28］ FAN XS, SHANG F, WANG N, et al. Design of online mixing and cleaning feeding system for remanufacturing tobacco raw materials by papermaking［J］. Tobacco science and technology, 2018,51(006):95-100.
［29］ LI D, LIU X. Research progress on the application of biotechnology in the remanufacturing of tobacco leaves by paper making［J］. Modern food science and technology, 2013(6): 1463-1466.
［30］ SUN X, SU WQ. Research status and application prospects of paper-making tobacco flakes［J］. Huadong paper industry, 2010, 41(004): 34-39.
Key words Reconstituted tobacco; Raw material; Pretreatment technology
Received: September 23, 2020 Accepted: November 29, 2020
Zhen XIONG (1988-), female, P. R. China, engineer, devoted to research about reconstituted tobacco.
*Corresponding author. E-mail: xiongzhen@cts-yn.com.
Reconstituted tobacco is obtained from the industrial recombination and processing of tobacco waste (fragments, cigarette ends, tobacco stalks, non-applicable tobacco leaves for industry, etc.). The physical and chemical characteristics of reconstituted tobacco are similar to natural tobacco［1-4］, which have significant effects on reducing coke and harm of cigarettes and have been recognized by people. However, most of the raw materials are produced in the threshing & redrying and cigarette processing. The size of tobacco stalk is uneven, the water content is greatly different, and the chemical composition of tobacco stalk fluctuates greatly in the threshing & redrying. The degree of homogenization of smoke dust and debris is low, and there are many sundries such as stalk stick, dust and hemp rope. The soot sticks produced during the process of making silk rolls are poor in purity. The stems and leaves are not separated, and some raw materials mildew. The overall stability of raw materials is poor, and if directly used in the production of reconstituted tobacco, it will have a great impact on product quality［5］. In order to improve the quality of reconstituted tobacco, it is important to ensure the uniformity, stability and safety of raw materials. Therefore, many scholars have paid attention to the pretreatment technology and equipment of reconstituted tobacco raw material. This article summarizes the typical raw material pretreatment technology and equipment for reconstituted tobacco production, including raw material classification, leaf and stem separation, water regulation and purification and removal of impurities, etc., to provide a raw material basis for subsequent formulation modular processing, and a brief introduction to raw material pretreatment Processing technology and equipment. It aims to provide a reference for the selection of pretreatment technology and equipment for the production of raw materials for reconstituted tobacco. Finishing Classification
There are many batches and uneven quality of reconstituted tobacco raw materials. However, raw materials are one of the factors to guarantee the quality of reconstituted tobacco, so it is important to control the quality of raw materials before feeding. According to the characteristics of the raw materials, they are pretreated by different sorting and grading methods. For example, For industrial tobacco, the current common method is to manually remove the packaging bag ［6-7］, combined with the demand of tobacco leaf raw materials, moldy and carbonized raw materials were removed by manual solution. Fragments, tobacco powder and tobacco soot can pass screening technology, and the reference equipment is a vibrating screen［8］, through which tobacco by-products with the required size can be screened. After the tobacco leaves are measured, they are transported into the waste tobacco crushing device. After being crushed to a size suitable for the production of reconstituted tobacco, the mixed raw materials transported to the air separation chamber are neutralized and thrown. The weight of the stems, leaves and impurities are adjusted by adjusting the wind and wind speed. Substances with different shapes are separated and flow out from different blanking openings. The tobacco leaf treatment stem and leaf separation process ensures the stable quality of raw materials ［9］.
Stems and Leaves Separated
At present, discarded tobacco is widely used as raw materials for the production of reconstituted tobacco, and the overall quality of discarded tobacco is uneven. If it is applied to the production of reconstituted tobacco, it will inevitably affect the quality of reconstituted tobacco, which needs to be treated［10］. Zhang et al.［11］ invented a paper-making method for reconstituted tobacco raw material stem and leaf separation system, which consists of a hoist, a stem leaf cracking machine, a wind separator, and a blanking device in turn to form a system. William. Cunningham［12］ invented a device for tobacco threshing , including a rotatable tearing device and a feeder. The feeder includes a pair of elements for feeding tobacco into the tearing device that cooperate with each other and can rotate in opposite directions. The feeder and the tearing device are configured to be subjected to a shearing force when the tobacco leaves pass through the counter-rotating element and the rotating tearing device, and the shearing force can tear at least a part of the tobacco leaves from the tobacco stems. ［4］ QIN Y, XIONG Z, QIU Y, et al. Discussion on the present situation of recycled tobacco leaves by papermaking ［J］. Modern agricultural science and technology, 2015(22): 302-303.
［5］ CHEN ZH, LINY. Analysis on the process, characteristics and functions of remanufactured tobacco leaves［J］. Guangdong chemical industry, 2015, 42(16): 139-139.
［6］ SUN CS, LI JL, CHENG XY, et al. Application of leaf separation technology in double roasting［J］. China tobacco science, 2007, 28(2): 14-16.
［7］ MI L, XIONG Z, QIN Y, et al. Internal quality improvement of tobacco leaf beating and rebaking not applicable to industry［J］. Hubei agricultural science, 2016(19): 5144-5147.
［8］ ZHANG JR, YU BY, ZHOU Q, et al. Screening device for rejecting large pieces of reconstituted tobacco finished products. CN2013204889063［P］. 2013-08-12.
［9］ LI ZW, YU HT, XU GJ, et al. Reconstituted tobacco leaf stems raw material pretreatment and impurity separation equipment. CN103769368A［P］. 2014-05-17.
［10］ ZHU Z, LI CG, WANG HB, et al. Technical improvement design and test of vibrating screening machine for tobacco mixed silk before adding incense［J］. Journal of anhui agricultural science, 2012, 40(2): 1166-1168.
［11］ ZHANG WJ, XIONG Z, ZHOU GY, et al. A separation system for leaf stalk and leaf separation of tobacco raw materials by paper making. CN201621425328.9［P］. 2016.
［12］ William Cunningham. Tobacco threshing equipment and technology: CN1240335［P］.1997-12-12
［13］ QIN Y, MIL, XIONG Z, et al. A method and equipment for moisture regulation of recycled tobacco leaves. CN105686058B［P］. 2017-09-19.
［14］ ZHANG QL, ZHANGH, LI JP, et al. Improvement of energy saving and efficiency of moisture recovery system of leaf remaster［C］//the 17th session of the 15th annual meeting of China association for science and technology: proceedings of the symposium on composite materials and energy saving and emission reduction. 2013.
［15］ GUAN P, CHEN YX, SUN Y, et al. Application method of a kind of ash bar in paper making and remanufacturing tobacco leaves. CN2011103657187［P］. 2012-06-20.
［16］ YANG T, YUAN XQ, HU JW, et al. A new method of using tobacco stems. CN104095281B［P］. 2016-04-06.
［17］ LU XD. Application of automatic electromagnetic dedusting technology in tobacco dedusting process［J］. Measurement and control technology, 2015, 34(4): 93-96.
［18］ LU YZ, ZHOU LM, DING NH, et al. Effects of air separation of mixed tobacco leaves after double roasting on the quality of tobacco raw materials［J］. Journal of Anhui agricultural sciences, 2014, 442 (9): 2739-2740. ［19］ SUN DP, WANG FL. Harm Reduction recombinant tobacco tar and preparation method, CN2014107283247［P］. 2014-12-03.
［20］ MING MZ, TAO DP, ZHAO B. Discussion on several problems in stem washing process［J］. Tobacco science and technology, 1999(4): 13.
［21］ YANG SZ, YANG DJ, SONG JH, et al. Study on the Controllability of Tobacco Stem Moisture in the Process of Washing Stem ［J］. Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2013, 000(018):121-122.
［22］ ZHAO YC. Method for processing microwave-expanded tobacco stems. CN2012102154077［P］.2012-6-27.
［23］ LI J, XU JC, YANG WZ, et al. Method and equipment for pretreatment of tobacco stems. CN2008100580374 ［P］. 2008-01-17.
［24］ LIAO Q, ZHENG LF, WU JF. Application of process performance index in process parameter optimization of tobacco stem pretreatment［J］. Journal of agricultural products processing, 2012(02): 79-81.
［25］ LIU BQ, ZHANG J, CAO M, et al. Reconstituted tobacco raw material pretreatment and production feeding automatic control integrated process. CN201010613002X［P］. 2010-12-30.
［26］ WANG WL. Tobacco flake raw material pretreatment ingredients and raw material pretreatment mixing system.CN2014200546478［P］. 2014-01-28.
［27］ BAI XL, GONG RG, ZOU Q, et al. Method for pretreating raw material of reconstituted tobacco leaf by papermaking method. CN2013105648707［P］. 2013-11-14.
［28］ FAN XS, SHANG F, WANG N, et al. Design of online mixing and cleaning feeding system for remanufacturing tobacco raw materials by papermaking［J］. Tobacco science and technology, 2018,51(006):95-100.
［29］ LI D, LIU X. Research progress on the application of biotechnology in the remanufacturing of tobacco leaves by paper making［J］. Modern food science and technology, 2013(6): 1463-1466.
［30］ SUN X, SU WQ. Research status and application prospects of paper-making tobacco flakes［J］. Huadong paper industry, 2010, 41(004): 34-39.