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飞行员工作负荷作为一个多维且较为复杂的研究对象,其受大量影响因素的影响。本文将建立完整的民航飞行员工作负荷影响因素体系,并对各影响因素的相对重要度进行分析。首先在工作负荷及其影响因素的分析研究基础上,结合飞机驾驶舱环境和飞行环境,通过与飞行员面谈的方法建立了影响因素体系。然后结合专家主观评估对飞行员工作负荷的影响因素指标进行筛选,采用5点Likert型标度获得各影响因素的相对重要性。最终建立了由飞行任务,飞行环境,驾驶舱人机界面,个体因素四大类下的完整的民航飞行员工作负荷影响体系。通过因素的重要度分析结果发现,影响程度最大的前四个影响因素依次为:时间压力、飞机类型(真机、模拟)、飞行时间、飞行阶段。完整的飞行员工作负荷影响因素体系对飞行员工作负荷的研究工作的开展有着重要的指导作用,同时提高工作负荷预测模型的精度。
Pilot workload as a multi-dimensional and more complex subject of study, which is affected by a large number of factors. This article will establish a complete system of influencing factors of civil aviation pilots’ workload, and analyze the relative importance of each influencing factor. First of all, based on the analysis of the workload and its influencing factors, the influencing factor system was established by means of interviews with pilots based on the cockpit environment and flight environment. Then the subjective evaluation of experts was used to screen the influencing factors of pilots’ workload, and the relative importance of each influencing factor was obtained by 5-point Likert scale. Finally, a complete civil aviation pilots workload impact system has been established under the four categories of flight mission, flight environment, cockpit man-machine interface and individual factors. According to the importance analysis of the factors, the first four influencing factors with the greatest impact are: time pressure, aircraft type (real machine, simulation), flight time and flight phase. The complete pilot workload influencing factor system plays an important guiding role in the research of pilot workload, and improves the accuracy of the workload forecasting model.