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启蒙运动所追求的启蒙理性实际上导向了诸多悖论,并在现代性的多个层面走向了启蒙的反面。启蒙理性设定了“理”对“情”的约束,并见之于哲学人类学的兴起及其延迟,亦见之于美学的创立及其尴尬处境。启蒙理性的实质是利益与权力,而这为近代政治哲学及其功利主义所认同,也正是马克思唯物史观形成的问题意识与理论核心。启蒙的历史表明,在社会结构中,“利”的主体与“力”的主体不能重合,这本身又是对人的自我启蒙的持续挑战。
The enlightenment reasoning pursued by the Enlightenment actually leads to many paradoxes and has led to the opposite of enlightenment at various levels of modernity. Enlightenment rationality sets the constraint of “Reason ” to “Love ”, and see the rise of philosophical anthropology and its delay, also found in the establishment of aesthetics and its embarrassing situation. The essence of enlightenment reason is interest and power, which is accepted by modern political philosophy and its utilitarianism. It is also the core of the problem consciousness and theory formed by Marx’s historical materialism. The history of enlightenment shows that in the social structure, the subject of “profit ” can not coincide with the subject of “force ”, which in itself is a continuing challenge to human self-enlightenment.