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20世纪曾经对英国政府的经济政策产生过重大影响的经济理论主要有局部均衡论、凯恩斯主义理论以及货币主义理论。从20世纪英国经济政策的演变来看，钟摆不断地摆动：从自由放任到国家干预再到减少干预，从平衡预算到赤字财政再到平衡预算，从货币政策到财政政策再到货币政策，所有这些变化都是在不同理论指导下的不同政策选择，从中可以看到经济理论对经济政策的指导作用。了解了这一点，我们就不难理解英国在一定时期内为何采取这种经济政策，而不是那种经济政策。
The economic theories that have had a significant impact on the economic policies of the British government in the 20th century are mainly the partial equilibrium theory, the Keynesian theory, and the monetarist theory. From the evolution of the British economic policy in the 20th century, the pendulum has been constantly swinging: from laissez-faire to state intervention to intervention, from balancing the budget to deficit finance to balancing the budget, from monetary policy to fiscal policy to monetary policy, and all All these changes are different policy choices under the guidance of different theories, from which we can see the guiding role of economic theory in economic policy. Knowing this, it is not hard for us to understand why the United Kingdom adopted such an economic policy over a certain period of time, not the kind of economic policy.