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Objective To explore the role of neutrophil in focal cerebral injury of ischemia/reperfused diabetic rats.Methods The infarction size in diabetic and non diabetic rats with ischemia for 1h/reperfusion for 24 h was evaluated by 2,3,5 triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining.The magnitude of cerebral neutrophil infiltration was quantified by measuring myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity of brain tissue in all rats with ischemia for 1h/ reperfused various periods by the method of enzymology.Results The infarction size in the ipsilateral hemisphere of diabetic rats were more significant than that in the normal rats (P< 0.05).The activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the former was also higher than that in the latter (P< 0.05).Conclusions Diabetes could exacerbate inflammatory response to cerebral ischemia reperfusion and thereby aggravate cerebral injury of ischemia/reperfusion.