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一、引言 海洋是地球的主要特征,它占地球表面积的71％。长期以来,海洋一直作为食物的来源,又是世界船舶运输网络及人们游玩的场所。近些年来,它越来越成为能源、矿产和药材的提供者,在陆上资源日益匮乏的今天,海洋的地位就更显重要了。海洋还在水文循环、大气化学、气候、自然环境和人类活动中起关键性作用。第49届联合国大会将1998年定为国际海洋年,表明了国际社会对海洋发展战略的高度重视。
I. INTRODUCTION The oceans are the main feature of the Earth, accounting for 71% of the Earth’s surface area. For a long time, the ocean has always been the source of food, and it is also the world shipping network and the place where people play. In recent years, it has increasingly become a provider of energy, minerals and medicinal herbs, and the status of the oceans and seas is even more important today as land resources become increasingly scarce. The oceans also play a key role in the hydrological cycle, atmospheric chemistry, climate, natural environment and human activities. The 49th Session of the UN General Assembly designated 1998 as the International Year of the Oceans, demonstrating the international community’s high regard for the marine development strategy.