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目的对中国大陆浙江、安徽、江西、湖北、湖南、四川、云南7省日本血吸虫种群进行遗传变异研究。方法应用随机扩增多态DNA（RAPD）技术，对5条寡核苷酸随机引物扩增。结果获得32条DNA片断，17个基因位点，长度在100bp～2600bp之间。各种群多态百分率（P）为52．9～70．6，平均杂合性（H）为0．269～0．363。中国大陆湖区日本血吸虫各种群间遗传距离（D）为0．000～0．023．山区种群间为0．155，湖区种群与山区种群间遗传距离为0．036～0．139。同时，P235-930bp，P293－910bP分别为四川种群和云南种群特异性DNA片断，P256－720bp为日本血吸虫雌虫特异性DNA片断。对中国大陆日本血吸虫虫株复合性和系统发生作简要讨论。
Objective To study the genetic variation of Schistosoma japonicum populations in Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan and Yunnan provinces of mainland China. Methods Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was used to amplify five oligonucleotide primers. Results 32 DNA fragments were obtained, 17 loci, length between 100bp ~ 2600bp. The percentage of polymorphism in each population (P) was 52.9 ~ 70.6, and the average heterozygosity (H) was 0.269 ~ 0.363. The genetic distance (D) between populations of Schistosoma japonicum in the Chinese mainland was 0.000 ~ 0.023. The population of mountainous area was 0.155, and the genetic distance between lake and mountainous area was 0.036 ~ 0.139. At the same time, P235-930bp and P293-910bP were the DNA fragments of Sichuan population and Yunnan population respectively, P256-720bp was the DNA fragment of Schistosoma japonicum female. On the Chinese mainland Schistosoma japonicum complex and phylogeny for a brief discussion.