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近几年英语高考对“状语”的考查有增无减,居高不下,可见“状语”在高考中的重要性。在此笔者就“状语”的几种情况归纳如下,以飨读者。
1. 现在分词作状语
现在分词作状语,表示与主句的主语在逻辑上有主谓关系,即表主动意义。例如:
Looking out of the window, Mr Smith saw there were a lot of people in the street. 史密斯先生向窗外望去,看到大街上有许多人。
Reading the letter, Mary started crying.
读着信,玛丽开始哭起来。
【高考真题】
(1) He was busy writing a story, only_______ once in a while to smoke a cigarette.(08辽宁卷)
A. to stop B. stopping
C. to have stopped D. having stopped
(2) _______ that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest. (08浙江卷)
A. Not realized
B. Not to realize
C. Not realizing
D. Not to have realized
(3) We had an anxious couple of weeks_______ for the result of experiment. (08四川卷)
A. wait B. to be waiting
C. waited D. waiting
(4) My sister, an inexperienced rider, was found sitting on the bicycle _______ to balance.(08上海卷)
A. having tried B. trying
C. to try D. tried
(5) At the age of 29, Dave was a worker,_______in a small apartment near Boston and _______ what to do about his future. (09湖南卷)
A. living; wondering
B. lived; wondering
C. lived; wondered
D. living; wondered
Keys: (1)B(2)C(3)D(4)B(5)A
2. 过去分词作状语
过去分词作状语,表示与主句的主语在逻辑上有动宾关系,即表被动意义。例如:
Helped by their teacher, the students finished the task successfully.在老师的帮助下,同学们成功地完成了任务。
He hurried to the hall, followed by two guards.他匆忙赶到大厅,后面跟着两名警卫。
【高考真题】
⑴ _______ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police.(05江苏卷)
A. Having lost B. Lost
C. Being lost D. Losing
⑵_______ automatically, the e-mail will be received by all the club members. (06上海卷)
A. Mailed out
B. Mailing out
C. To be mailed out
D. Having mailed out
⑶ _______ for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits. (06福建卷)
A. Blaming B. Blamed
C. To blame D. To be blamed
⑷ _______with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time. (06四川卷)
A. Faced B. Faces
C. Facing D. To face
Keys: ⑴ B⑵ A⑶ B⑷ A
3. 形容词(短语)作状语
形容词(短语)做状语时,通常表状态,而不表动作。例如:
He sat there, silent. 他一声不响地坐在那里。
The poor little boy went to bed, cold and hungry.那个可怜的小男孩又冷又饿地上床睡觉了。
Confident, selfless, honest, he is a good teacher.他自信、无私、诚实,是一位优秀教师。
【高考真题】
⑴ _______and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize.(06全国Ⅰ卷)
A. Surprising B. Surprised
C. Being surprised D. To be surprised
⑵ After the long journey, the three of them went back home,_______.(08北京卷)
A. hungry and tiredly
B. hungry and tired
C. hungrily and tiredly
D. hungrily and tired
Keys: ⑴ B⑵ B
4. with 复合结构作状语
由“with + 宾语 + 宾补”构成的with复合结构,在句子中可作状语,表伴随。该结构中的宾补可由现在分词、过去分词、不定式、形容词、副词、介词(短语)来充当。例如:
The little boy soon fell asleep with the candle still buring. 蜡烛还亮着,小男孩很快就睡着了。
He sat there alone with his eyes filled with tears.他独自一人坐在那里,眼里充满了泪水。
【高考真题】
⑴ The murderer was brought in, with his hands_______ behind his back.(1991全国卷)
A. being tied B. having tied
C. to be tired D. tied
(2) With a lot of difficult problems_______, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.(02上海卷)
A. settled B. settling
C. to settle D. being settled
(3)—Come on. Please give me some ideas about the project.
—Sorry. With so much work_______my mind, I almost break down.(07福建卷)
A. filled B. filling
C. to fill D. being filled
(4) John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work_______, he gladly accepted it.(07安徽卷)
A. finished B. finishing
C. having finished D. was finished
(5) You have no idea how she finished the relay race _______ her foot wounded so much.(08福建卷)
A. for B. when
C. with D. while
(6) Now that we’ve discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions_______?(09全国Ⅰ卷)
A. taking B. take
C. taken D. to take
Keys: ⑴D⑵C (3)B (4)A (5)C (6)C
5. 独立主格结构做状语
独立主格是由一个名词或代词(作为该短语结构的逻辑主语)加上一个分词、不定式、形容词、副词、介词短语(作为该短语结构的逻辑谓语)构成。该结构主要起状语作用,而且常作伴随状语。例如:
The meeting over, we went home.会议结束,我们回家了。
Weather permitting, we’ll go outing.天气允许的话,我们就去郊游。
There being no bus, I had to go home on foot.由于没有公共汽车了,我只好步行回家。
【高考真题】
⑴ I send you 100 dollars today, the rest _______ in a year.(05湖南卷)
A. follows B. followed
C. to follow D. being followed
⑵ I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise _______.(05重庆卷)
A. going on B. goes on
C. went on D. to go on
Keys: ⑴ C⑵ A
【巩固练习】
1. _______in a peaceful way, the long quarrel between the two company came to end.
A. To settle B. Settle
C. Settling D. Settled
2. When I went in, he was lying on the floor_______at the ceiling.
A. to stare B. stared
C. was staring D. staring
3. Time_______, I shall go to the cinema withyou.
A. permitting B. to permit
C. permits D. permitted
4. _______, I attened the meeting instead of him last Monday.
A. He was ill B. His being ill
C. Him being ill D. He being ill
5. The little boy lay on the grass, looking intothe sky_______.
A. calm and peaceful
B. calmly and peacefully
C. calmly and peaceful
D. calm and peacefully
6. The children are having a good time,_______ with sand, others with toys.
A. some of them are playing
B. some of them playing
C. some of them
D. who playing
7. _______more and more forests destroyed, some animals are facing the danger of dying out.
A. As B. By C. With D. For
8. We walked as fast as we could, _______ tocatch the 9:30 train.
A. hoping B. to hope
C. hoped D. being hoped
9. The exam _______ tomorrow, I couldn’t goto the cinema tonight.
A. to hold B. to be held
C. holding D. holds
10. She sat down quite silent and still, with his eyes_______on the blackboard.
A. fixing B. being fixing
C. fixed D. be fixed
Keys: 1. D2. D3. A4. D5. A6. B 7. C8. A9. B10. C
1. 现在分词作状语
现在分词作状语,表示与主句的主语在逻辑上有主谓关系,即表主动意义。例如:
Looking out of the window, Mr Smith saw there were a lot of people in the street. 史密斯先生向窗外望去,看到大街上有许多人。
Reading the letter, Mary started crying.
读着信,玛丽开始哭起来。
【高考真题】
(1) He was busy writing a story, only_______ once in a while to smoke a cigarette.(08辽宁卷)
A. to stop B. stopping
C. to have stopped D. having stopped
(2) _______ that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest. (08浙江卷)
A. Not realized
B. Not to realize
C. Not realizing
D. Not to have realized
(3) We had an anxious couple of weeks_______ for the result of experiment. (08四川卷)
A. wait B. to be waiting
C. waited D. waiting
(4) My sister, an inexperienced rider, was found sitting on the bicycle _______ to balance.(08上海卷)
A. having tried B. trying
C. to try D. tried
(5) At the age of 29, Dave was a worker,_______in a small apartment near Boston and _______ what to do about his future. (09湖南卷)
A. living; wondering
B. lived; wondering
C. lived; wondered
D. living; wondered
Keys: (1)B(2)C(3)D(4)B(5)A
2. 过去分词作状语
过去分词作状语,表示与主句的主语在逻辑上有动宾关系,即表被动意义。例如:
Helped by their teacher, the students finished the task successfully.在老师的帮助下,同学们成功地完成了任务。
He hurried to the hall, followed by two guards.他匆忙赶到大厅,后面跟着两名警卫。
【高考真题】
⑴ _______ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police.(05江苏卷)
A. Having lost B. Lost
C. Being lost D. Losing
⑵_______ automatically, the e-mail will be received by all the club members. (06上海卷)
A. Mailed out
B. Mailing out
C. To be mailed out
D. Having mailed out
⑶ _______ for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits. (06福建卷)
A. Blaming B. Blamed
C. To blame D. To be blamed
⑷ _______with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time. (06四川卷)
A. Faced B. Faces
C. Facing D. To face
Keys: ⑴ B⑵ A⑶ B⑷ A
3. 形容词(短语)作状语
形容词(短语)做状语时,通常表状态,而不表动作。例如:
He sat there, silent. 他一声不响地坐在那里。
The poor little boy went to bed, cold and hungry.那个可怜的小男孩又冷又饿地上床睡觉了。
Confident, selfless, honest, he is a good teacher.他自信、无私、诚实,是一位优秀教师。
【高考真题】
⑴ _______and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize.(06全国Ⅰ卷)
A. Surprising B. Surprised
C. Being surprised D. To be surprised
⑵ After the long journey, the three of them went back home,_______.(08北京卷)
A. hungry and tiredly
B. hungry and tired
C. hungrily and tiredly
D. hungrily and tired
Keys: ⑴ B⑵ B
4. with 复合结构作状语
由“with + 宾语 + 宾补”构成的with复合结构,在句子中可作状语,表伴随。该结构中的宾补可由现在分词、过去分词、不定式、形容词、副词、介词(短语)来充当。例如:
The little boy soon fell asleep with the candle still buring. 蜡烛还亮着,小男孩很快就睡着了。
He sat there alone with his eyes filled with tears.他独自一人坐在那里,眼里充满了泪水。
【高考真题】
⑴ The murderer was brought in, with his hands_______ behind his back.(1991全国卷)
A. being tied B. having tied
C. to be tired D. tied
(2) With a lot of difficult problems_______, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.(02上海卷)
A. settled B. settling
C. to settle D. being settled
(3)—Come on. Please give me some ideas about the project.
—Sorry. With so much work_______my mind, I almost break down.(07福建卷)
A. filled B. filling
C. to fill D. being filled
(4) John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work_______, he gladly accepted it.(07安徽卷)
A. finished B. finishing
C. having finished D. was finished
(5) You have no idea how she finished the relay race _______ her foot wounded so much.(08福建卷)
A. for B. when
C. with D. while
(6) Now that we’ve discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions_______?(09全国Ⅰ卷)
A. taking B. take
C. taken D. to take
Keys: ⑴D⑵C (3)B (4)A (5)C (6)C
5. 独立主格结构做状语
独立主格是由一个名词或代词(作为该短语结构的逻辑主语)加上一个分词、不定式、形容词、副词、介词短语(作为该短语结构的逻辑谓语)构成。该结构主要起状语作用,而且常作伴随状语。例如:
The meeting over, we went home.会议结束,我们回家了。
Weather permitting, we’ll go outing.天气允许的话,我们就去郊游。
There being no bus, I had to go home on foot.由于没有公共汽车了,我只好步行回家。
【高考真题】
⑴ I send you 100 dollars today, the rest _______ in a year.(05湖南卷)
A. follows B. followed
C. to follow D. being followed
⑵ I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise _______.(05重庆卷)
A. going on B. goes on
C. went on D. to go on
Keys: ⑴ C⑵ A
【巩固练习】
1. _______in a peaceful way, the long quarrel between the two company came to end.
A. To settle B. Settle
C. Settling D. Settled
2. When I went in, he was lying on the floor_______at the ceiling.
A. to stare B. stared
C. was staring D. staring
3. Time_______, I shall go to the cinema withyou.
A. permitting B. to permit
C. permits D. permitted
4. _______, I attened the meeting instead of him last Monday.
A. He was ill B. His being ill
C. Him being ill D. He being ill
5. The little boy lay on the grass, looking intothe sky_______.
A. calm and peaceful
B. calmly and peacefully
C. calmly and peaceful
D. calm and peacefully
6. The children are having a good time,_______ with sand, others with toys.
A. some of them are playing
B. some of them playing
C. some of them
D. who playing
7. _______more and more forests destroyed, some animals are facing the danger of dying out.
A. As B. By C. With D. For
8. We walked as fast as we could, _______ tocatch the 9:30 train.
A. hoping B. to hope
C. hoped D. being hoped
9. The exam _______ tomorrow, I couldn’t goto the cinema tonight.
A. to hold B. to be held
C. holding D. holds
10. She sat down quite silent and still, with his eyes_______on the blackboard.
A. fixing B. being fixing
C. fixed D. be fixed
Keys: 1. D2. D3. A4. D5. A6. B 7. C8. A9. B10. C