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急性上颌窦炎由各种需氧菌和厌氧菌引起,其中肺炎链球菌和流感嗜血杆菌最重要。作者们在81例成人急性上颌窦炎的治疗中比较了羟氨苄青霉素(amoxicillin)、复方新诺明(trimethoprin-sulfamethoxazole,T.M.P.为抗菌增效剂)与氨苄青霉素的效疗。治疗前作上颌窦(105窦)穿刺和吸引,共分离出59个菌株,其中肺炎链球菌和流感嗜血杆菌占64%。其他细菌包括厌氧菌(12%),奈瑟氏菌种(8.5%),酿脓链球菌(3%),α-溶血性链球菌(3%),不分型的A类β-溶血性链球菌(3%),金黄色葡萄球菌(2%),绿脓杆菌(2%)和大肠杆菌(2%)。另外,从11个窦内还分离出鼻病毒(6),流感A(H_3N_2)病毒(3)和两型副流感病毒(各1)。105窦吸出物中,42窦(40%)未发现微生物。病人口服羟氨苄青霉素(500mg,一日三次),氨苄青霉素(500mg,六小时一次)或复方新诺明(二片,一日二次),连续用七天。在首次上颌窦穿刺和接受抗生素治疗后7～10天。
Acute maxillary sinusitis caused by a variety of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, of which Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenza are the most important. The authors compared the effects of amoxicillin, trimethoprin-sulfamethoxazole, and ampicillin in the treatment of 81 adult patients with acute maxillary sinusitis. Before treatment, maxillary sinus (105 sinus) puncture and suction, a total of 59 strains were isolated, of which Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae accounted for 64%. Other bacteria include anaerobic bacteria (12%), Neisseria species (8.5%), Streptococcus pyogenes (3%), alpha-hemolytic streptococcus (3% Streptococcus (3%), Staphylococcus aureus (2%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2%) and Escherichia coli (2%). In addition, rhinovirus (6), influenza A (H_3N_2) virus (3) and two types of parainfluenza virus (1 each) were also isolated from 11 sinuses. 105 sinus aspirates, 42 sinus (40%) found no microorganisms. Patients were orally given amoxicillin (500 mg three times daily), ampicillin (500 mg once every six hours) or cotrimoxazole (two tablets twice daily) for seven consecutive days. After the first maxillary sinus puncture and antibiotic treatment 7 to 10 days.