江泽民同志在十五大报告中回顾过去五年的工作时讲到“国有企业改革在试点基础上积极推进”,这里所说的试点的一个主要内容就是国有企业的股份制试点。那么,国有企业的股份制试点的目标是什么?一段时期以来,理论界在这个问题上的认识并不一致。是要建立社会主义市场经济的微观基础,还是要“回归”到资本主义的股份公司?笔者认为,答案只应是前者而不应是后者。但是,有些论者却认为,资本主义股份公司就是社会主义性质的。为了论证这一点,他们引述马克思的话,说马克思认为资本主义的股份制否定了私有制,是公有制性质的;否定了资本主义,是社会主义性质的;由于 Comrade Jiang Zemin reviewed the work of the past five years in his report to the 15th CPC National Congress when he said that “state-owned enterprise reform has been actively promoted on the basis of pilot projects.” One of the main contents of the pilot project here is that of the joint-stock system pilot of state-owned enterprises. So, what are the objectives of the state-owned joint-stock pilot? Since a long period of time, the theoretical circles have not got the same understanding on this issue. Is it necessary to establish a micro-foundation for a socialist market economy or a “return” to a capitalist joint-stock company? The author believes that the answer should be only the former rather than the latter. However, some commentators hold that capitalist joint-stock companies are socialist in nature. To demonstrate this point, they quoted Marx’s remark that Marx considered the capitalist shareholding system to negate the ownership system and that it was public-ownership; that denial of capitalism was of a socialist nature;