一、关于国债政策的认识与运用问题（一）市场经济国家对国债政策的认识与运用市场经济国家对国债政策的认识与运用经历了一个曲折的历史过程，大致可分为如下三个阶段：第一阶段：１８世纪初至２０世纪初，政府力求财政收支平衡，反对国家借债。在这个资本主义上升阶段，代表 I. Understanding and Application of National Debt Policy (I) Recognition and Application of National Debt Policy by Market Economy Countries’ cognition and application of national debt policy in the market economy has undergone a tortuous historical process and can be roughly divided into the following three stages: The first stage: From the early 18th century to the early 20th century, the government sought a balanced fiscal balance and opposed the state’s borrowing. In this rising stage of capitalism, representatives