笔者于2012年3月对S镇中学现有的全部(213名)学生进行了社会学调查、研究,并对5名同学和4位老师进行了个案访谈。5月份笔者再次对4位家长进行了深度访谈,两次调查问题涉及学生性别构成、流失人数及性别比例、家长的性别观念、失学原因中的性别因素等多个方面。调查共回收有效问卷194份,经过数据分析、访谈资料整理,发现了该中学及该乡镇男生失学率高、学习成绩较差、家长对男童教育重视程度降低、对女童教育重视程度提升,等一系列存在于中学教育中的性别差异问题以及家长传统性别观念的新变化,均是教育社会学所关注的重点问题。本文将对这些问题和变化及其背后原因进行总结与分析。 In March 2012, the author conducted a sociological survey and research on all existing (213) students in S Town Middle School and interviewed 5 students and 4 teachers on a case-by-case basis. In May, the author conducted in-depth interviews with four parents again. The two investigations involved many aspects such as the gender composition of students, the number of displaced persons and their sex ratio, the gender perspective of their parents, and the gender factor in the reasons for being out of school. A total of 194 valid questionnaires were collected. Through data analysis and interviews, we found that there is a high rate of dropouts, poor academic performance, lower parents’ attention to boys’ education, more emphasis on girls’ education, etc. A series of gender differences existing in secondary education as well as new changes in parents’ traditional gender concepts are all the focuses of educational sociology. This article will summarize and analyze these problems and their changes and the reasons behind them.