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目的通过对汽车整车制造企业噪声作业工人开展职业健康状况的分析,探讨职业性噪声健康保护措施。方法对2015年广州市两家大型汽车整车制造企业7 184名接触噪声的男性作业工人进行职业健康检查,对听力损失、血压、心电图和肝胆脾B超等进行统计分析。结果汽车整车制造企业噪声作业工人听力损失、血压、心电图和肝胆脾B超的异常率分别为2.7%、3.5%、15.7%和28.2%。噪声作业工人中发生高频听损和语频听损者,其血压异常率和肝胆脾B超异常率均高于听力正常者(P<0.001)。随着年龄和接噪工龄的增加,听力损失、高血压及肝胆脾B超异常的检出率呈上升趋势(P<0.01);心电图异常的检出率呈下降趋势(P<0.001)。结论噪声对汽车整车制造企业作业工人的听觉功能、心血管系统和消化系统产生了不良健康影响,应采取有效的综合预防措施控制噪声对噪声作业工人身体健康的影响。
OBJECTIVE Through the analysis of occupational health status of noise-exposed workers in automobile OEMs, the paper probes into the occupational noise health protection measures. Methods Occupational health examination was conducted on 7 184 male workers exposed to noise in two large auto manufacturers in Guangzhou in 2015. Statistical analyzes were conducted on hearing loss, blood pressure, electrocardiogram, hepatobiliary, splenic and B-type ultrasound. Results The abnormal hearing loss, blood pressure, electrocardiogram, and hepatobiliary, gallbladder, and sphenoid ultrasound were all 2.7%, 3.5%, 15.7% and 28.2% respectively for noise-exposed workers in automobile OEMs. The frequency of abnormal blood pressure and hepatobiliary and splenic B-ultrasound abnormalities were higher in hearing-impaired and hearing-impaired workers than in normal hearing-impaired workers (P <0.001). The hearing loss, hypertension and the detection rate of B-ultrasound in liver, gallbladder and spleen increased with the increase of the age and the length of receiving noise (P <0.01). The detection rate of abnormal electrocardiogram showed a decreasing trend (P <0.001). Conclusion Noise has adverse health effects on the auditory function, cardiovascular system and digestive system of workers in automobile OEMs. Effective and comprehensive preventive measures should be taken to control the noise impact on the health of noise workers.