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研究各个生物类群的起源时间是生物学、古生物学、地质学的重要研究范畴,然而由于化石记录的不完整性,仅仅通过化石无法准确地提供生物各门类的起源时间,更无法真实地反映各门类直接的演化关系,长期以来科学家们都希望能够找到新的突破口。分子钟假说可以在缺乏化石证据的条件下通过分子数据和统计学方法推算各类群间的分歧时间。文中将对分子钟假说的发展历程、基本原理、研究方法及存在的主要问题进行介绍,并就近期利用分子钟的若干研究示例进行分析,以期能对整个分子钟有个更为全面的论述。
However, due to the incompleteness of fossil record, it is impossible to truly reflect the origin of each category of organism solely through fossils, because the origin time of each group of organisms is an important research area of biology, paleontology and geology. The direct evolution of the categories, for a long time scientists hope to find a new breakthrough. The molecular clock hypothesis can estimate the time of disagreement among various groups through molecular data and statistical methods in the absence of fossil evidence. This article will introduce the development process, basic principles, research methods and main problems of the molecular clock hypothesis, and analyze some recent research examples using molecular clock in order to have a more comprehensive discussion of the entire molecular clock.