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新中国成立之初,受近代中国屡遭列强欺凌影响,同时基于国家安全与统一的现实考量,党和政府把大力发展国防工业作为工业化建设的重要内容。围绕建立独立、完整国防工业体系的目标,确立立足国内开发和生产武器的产业政策,集中规划,统一管理;重视技术引进、吸收和自主创新;并确定重点领域,加速尖端武器的研制、生产。同时,以“两弹一星”精神为核心的军工文化提供了巨大的精神动力和激励作用,有助于国防科技自主创新能力的培育。新中国在短时间内建立起比较完备的国防工业体系,基本实现全部常规武器的进口替代,并在尖端武器领域实现重大突破。不论纵向比较还是横向比较,这一阶段新中国国防工业都呈现快速发展的态势。
At the very beginning of the founding of new China, under the influence of the repeated bullying of the powers in recent times in China, and based on the realistic considerations of national security and reunification, the party and government have made vigorous efforts to develop the national defense industry as an important part of industrialization. Centering on the objective of establishing an independent and complete national defense industrial system, we have established industrial policies based on the domestic development and production of weapons, focused planning and unified management; emphasized the introduction, absorption and independent innovation of technologies; and identified key areas to accelerate the development and production of cutting-edge weapons. At the same time, the military culture centered on the spirit of “two bombs and one satellite” has provided tremendous spiritual motivation and encouragement, which is conducive to the cultivation of the independent innovation capability of national defense science and technology. In a relatively short period of time, New China established a relatively complete national defense industry system, basically realized the import substitution of all conventional weapons and achieved major breakthroughs in the field of cutting-edge weapons. Regardless of vertical comparison or horizontal comparison, the new national defense industry in this stage shows a rapid development trend.