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目的:探讨自身免疫性溶血性贫血(AIHA)患者的血清学特性,选择其血型鉴定与交叉配血试验的最适方法。方法:采用抗人球蛋白试验、微柱凝胶法(MGT)及手工凝聚胺试验(MPT),对患者血液标本进行血型鉴定、交叉配血试验、抗体筛查及其特异性鉴定。结果:在75例疑似AIHA患者中,发现直接抗人球蛋白试验(DAT)及抗体筛查阳性、血型正反定型不相符及交叉配血试验不合54例;经患者自身红细胞吸收后的血清,在上述试验中不再出现凝集反应者50例,仍发生凝集反应者4例,经抗体特异性鉴定为抗-C1例、抗-E2例、抗-e1例。结论:AIHA患者多数为抗人球蛋白试验阳性、造成血型鉴定及交叉配血困难,少数存在同种抗体并多具有Rh血型抗体特异性。
Objective: To investigate the serological characteristics of patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) and to choose the optimal method for blood type identification and cross matching blood test. Methods: The blood samples were identified by blood type, cross-matching blood test, antibody screening and specific identification by anti-human globulin test, microcolumn gel method (MGT) and manual polybrene test (MPT) Results: In 75 suspected AIHA patients, positive anti-human globulin test (DAT) and positive antibody screening were found. The positive and negative typing of blood group did not match and the cross-matching test did not meet the criteria of 54 patients. After being absorbed by the patient’s own red blood cells, In the above experiment, no agglutination occurred in 50 patients and 4 patients still had agglutination reaction. Anti-C1, anti-E2 and anti-E1 were identified by antibody specificity. Conclusion: The majority of patients with AIHA are positive for anti-human globulin test, which makes it difficult to identify blood type and cross-match blood. A few of them have alloantibodies and have the specificity of Rh blood group antibodies.