蒸汽锅炉汽包的事故最近几年来,高压炉汽包上出现了很多缺陷:其中有些是汽包制造时所存在的,采用无损探伤(超声波)可以发现的焊缝缺陷;但是另一些缺陷是在运行中产生的,不易发现。这些缺陷是纵缝和环缝的表面裂纹,以及下降管口的裂纹。普遍检查结果表明:有50%以上的高压锅炉汽包在运行30000～50000小时后产生下降管口的裂纹。捷克 Accidents of Steam Boiler Drums In recent years, many defects have emerged in HP drums: some of them are weld defects that are found during drum manufacture using non-destructive flaw detection (ultrasonic); but others are flawed in Produced during operation, not easy to find. These defects are surface cracks in the longitudinal and circumferential slits, and cracks in the falling nozzles. The general inspection results show that: there are more than 50% of the high-pressure boiler drum rupture of the spout after 30000 ~ 50,000 hours of operation. Czech Republic