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目的探讨北京市农村地区儿童的气质特点及其影响因素,以指导家长因材施教,减少异常行为的发生。方法在北京市大兴区随机选取身体健康、DDST发育筛查正常的1～3岁农村儿童,采用Carey的TTS,BSQ进行儿童气质的研究,家庭问卷了解环境因素。结果气质各维度在1～3岁儿童不同年龄、不同性别间没有显著差异;与市区儿童相比,1～3岁农村儿童活动量大、反应强度低、坚持时间短、注意易于分散、反应阈高,3岁组反应强度低、坚持时间短。出生体重和养育人文化影响1～3岁儿童的气质特点。结论1～3岁儿童气质在农村和城市存在差异。
Objective To explore the characteristics of temperament of children in rural areas of Beijing and its influencing factors so as to guide parents to teach according to their aptitudes and reduce the occurrence of abnormal behaviors. Methods Healthy children aged 1 ~ 3 years old with normal DDST development and screening in Daxing District of Beijing were selected randomly. Carey TTS and BSQ were used to study the children’s temperament. The family questionnaire was used to understand the environmental factors. Results Compared with urban children, all dimensions of temperament in children aged 1-3 years had no significant differences among different ages. Compared with urban children, rural children aged 1-3 years had high activity and low reaction intensity, persisted for a short time, and were easy to disperse and reacted Threshold high, 3-year-old group, low response strength, adhere to the short time. Birth weight and parenting culture affect 1 ~ 3-year-old children’s temperament characteristics. Conclusion The temperament of children aged 1-3 years is different in rural and urban areas.