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财政分权通常被认为会加剧公共品供给的不平等,但我们仍不清楚中国的财政分权的影响。本文利用1999—2010年地级数据分析了省级、地级财政自主性与省内支出分权三类分权指标,分析对教育和卫生服务供给的省内不平等的影响,发现省内支出分权会增加每万人医生数的不平等,但省级与地级自主性会减少小学生师比的不平等,在省内支出分权较低时也会减少每万人医生数的不平等,且三类分权对于中学生师比与每万人床位数的不平等均无显著影响,这表明财政分权并不一定会增加公共品供给的不平等。本文还表明,省内不平等是中国公共品不平等的重要原因。本文对于理解中国公共品供给的不平等与财政分权的影响均具有重要意义。
Fiscal decentralization is generally thought to exacerbate inequality in the supply of public goods, but we still do not know the impact of fiscal decentralization in China. Based on the terrestrial data from 1999 to 2010, this paper analyzes three types of decentralization indicators, provincial and prefectural fiscal autonomy and provincial decentralization, and analyzes the impact of inequality on education and health services in the province, and finds that provincial expenditure Decentralization increases inequalities in the number of doctors per 10,000, but provincial and prefectoral autonomy will reduce inequalities in pupil parity and lower inequalities in physicians per 10,000 if spending is decentralized in the province , And the three types of decentralization have no significant effect on the inequality of middle school students’ teacher ratio and the number of beds per 10,000 people, which shows that fiscal decentralization does not necessarily increase the inequality of public goods supply. The article also shows that inequality in the province is an important cause of inequality in China’s public goods. This article is of great significance to understand the inequality of China’s public goods supply and the impact of fiscal decentralization.