前不久,苏联成立了直属于部长会议的处理灾害性非常情况委员会,由一名部长会议副主席担任该委员会的主席,并决定建立全国性抢险救灾体系。在苏联政府和管理机构全面大规模精简的背景下,这一举动显示了苏联政府对抢险救灾工作前所未有的重视。事实上,苏联建立这样一个委员会并非偶然。三年前切尔诺贝利核电站发生事故,由于没有应付紧急事故的行动规划,居民撤离工作一度严重混乱;1988年12月亚美尼亚大地震,由于信息不通,无人协调,第一批专业抢险小组震后三天才到达现场。而国际实践表明,发 Not long ago, the Soviet Union set up a committee dealing with disastrous situations directly under the ministerial meeting, with the vice chairman of the Council of Ministers acting as the chairman of the committee and decided to establish a nationwide disaster relief system. In the context of a comprehensive and extensive streamlining of the Soviet government and management agencies, this move shows the unprecedented attention paid by the Soviet government to disaster relief work. In fact, it is no accident that the Soviet Union set up such a committee. Three years ago, there was an accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. As a result of the failure to cope with the emergency plan, residents were once in a serious state of dislocation. The December 1988 Armenian earthquake, lack of information and coordination, led to the first batch of professional rescue teams Three days after the earthquake arrived at the scene. And international practice shows that hair