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过去20年中,世界上有280多万人死于突发性的自然灾害,这些灾害包括:地震、滑坡、飓风、龙卷风、洪水、火山喷发、火灾和海啸。由于能够用于发布警报的时间很短,甚至没有,使有效地减轻灾害尤其困难。本文介绍了利用并综合现有的灾害评价、环境监测和无线电通讯等技术的区域报警系统的原理。描述了成功地利用系统方法减少海啸危害(TH-RUST)计划,这些方法包括:事件前的应急计划、灾害的实时评价和通过卫星通讯线路进行快速报警。
Over the past two decades, more than 2.8 million people in the world have died of sudden natural disasters, including earthquakes, landslides, hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, volcanic eruptions, fires and tsunamis. It is especially difficult to effectively mitigate disasters because of the short or even lack of availability of alerts. This article describes the principles of regional alarm systems that utilize and integrate existing disaster assessment, environmental monitoring, and radio communications technologies. Describes the successful use of systematic methods for reducing tsunami hazards (TH-RUST) programs, including pre-incident contingency planning, real-time evaluation of disasters and rapid alerting via satellite communications.