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目的了解湖北省农村地区2岁以下婴幼儿母乳喂养及贫血状况。方法在湖北省农村地区采用整群随机抽样的方法,随机抽取8个市(县)2岁以下婴幼儿1 197名,问卷调查其母乳喂养状况,同时采集末梢血20μL,测定血红蛋白值。结果 1 197名婴幼儿中,1 125人(94.0%)有母乳喂养史,其中965人(85.8%)有初乳喂养史;大部分(61.8%)婴幼儿在7~12个月断奶,仅6.1%在12个月以后断奶。2岁以下婴幼儿贫血患病率为32.7%,年龄及性别间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。有初乳喂养史的婴幼儿贫血患病率较无初乳喂养史者低,但有无母乳喂养史及不同断奶时间,婴幼儿贫血患病率差异均无统计学意义。结论初乳喂养可降低婴幼儿贫血患病率,应大力提倡。
Objective To understand breastfeeding and anemia in infants under 2 years of age in rural areas of Hubei Province. Methods A total of 1 197 infants and young children under 2 years old from 8 cities (counties) were randomly selected in rural areas of Hubei Province by random sampling method. The breastfeeding status was surveyed by questionnaire and 20 μL of peripheral blood was collected for determination of hemoglobin value. Results Among the 1 197 infants and young children, 1 125 (94.0%) had breastfeeding history, of which 965 (85.8%) had a history of colostrum feeding; most (61.8%) infants were weaned at 7-12 months and only 6.1% are weaned after 12 months. The prevalence of anemia in infants and children under 2 years old was 32.7%, with no significant difference between age and gender (P> 0.05). The prevalence of anemia in infants and young children with a history of colostrum feeding was lower than those without any history of breast milk feeding, but there was no significant difference in the prevalence of anemia among infants and young children with and without breastfeeding history. Conclusion Colostrum feeding can reduce the prevalence of anemia in infants and young children, should be strongly advocated.