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新菠萝灰粉蚧是近年在我国新发现的一种重要外来入侵害虫,温度是决定新菠萝灰粉蚧能否建立稳定种群的最基本因素.本研究以南瓜作为寄主,探索恒温条件对新菠萝灰粉蚧生长发育和繁殖的影响.在17、20、23、26、29和32℃,光周期14L∶10D,相对湿度(75±5)%的实验室条件下,测定了新菠萝灰粉蚧各虫态的发育历期、发育速率、存活率和繁殖力,组建了新菠萝灰粉蚧的实验种群生命表.结果表明:在20~29℃,各虫态的发育历期均随温度的升高而缩短,在20℃下雌、雄若虫期的发育历期最长,分别为46.95和50.26 d;29℃时雌虫若虫期的发育历期最短,为20.28 d;而雄虫若虫期在32℃时最短,为20.70 d.各虫态的温度与发育速率的关系均符合二次回归关系.此外,温度显著影响新菠萝灰粉蚧的存活率,在29℃时雌、雄若虫期的存活率均最高,分别为70.3%和69.3%;雌虫世代的发育起点温度为13.80℃,有效积温为491.50日·度;雄虫世代的发育起点温度为11.61℃,有效积温为388.85日·度.新菠萝灰粉蚧的产卵前期和成虫寿命随着温度的升高而缩短;成虫产卵量在29℃时最高,达每雌442.2粒;最小为20℃,仅为每雌111.8粒;29和20℃下种群趋势指数分别为168.2和19.1,且在17和32℃时,新菠萝灰粉蚧1龄若虫和3龄若虫均表现为生长停滞.说明温度过高或过低均不利于其生长发育.温度对新菠萝灰粉蚧的生长发育、存活、繁殖及种群增长有显著的影响,23~29℃是最适宜新菠萝灰粉蚧生长发育和繁殖的温度范围.
The new pineapple ash mealybug is an important invasive pest recently discovered in our country.The temperature is the most basic factor that determines whether the new pineapple mealybug can establish a stable population.In this study, the pumpkin as a host, to explore the temperature conditions of the new pineapple The effects of growth, development and reproduction on P. gmelini were studied.New pineapple powder was measured under laboratory conditions of 17, 20, 23, 26, 29 and 32 ℃, photoperiod 14L:10D and relative humidity 75 ± 5% The developmental life, developmental rate, survival rate and fecundity of each insect population in Kuwana were studied, and the life table of experimental population was established.The results showed that the developmental stages of each pest state varied with temperature And the male and female nymphs had the longest developmental duration at 46 ℃ and 50.26 d respectively at 20 ℃. The developmental duration of female nymphs was the lowest at 20 ℃ for 20.28 days at 29 ℃, The shortest period of 32 ℃ was 20.70 d.The relationship between temperature and development rate of all the insect states were in accordance with the quadratic regression.Moreover, the temperature significantly affected the survival rate of the new pineapple mealybugs, The highest survival rates were 70.3% and 69.3%, respectively. The onset temperature of females was 13.80 ℃, The effective accumulated temperature was 491.5 days · degree.The onset temperature of male offspring was 11.61 ℃ and the effective accumulated temperature was 388.85 days · degrees.The pre-oviposition and adult longevity of new pineapple mealybugs shortened with the increase of temperature. The number of eggs reached the highest at 29 ℃, reaching 442.2 per females; the minimum was 20 ℃, only 111.8 per females; the population trend indices at 29 and 20 ℃ were 168.2 and 19.1, respectively. At 17 and 32 ℃, The first instar nymphs and the third instar nymphs of Phasianus colchicus all showed stagnant growth, which indicated that the temperature was too high or too low for their growth and development.Temperature had significant effects on the growth, survival, reproduction and population growth of New Zealand pineapple 23 ~ 29 ℃ is the most suitable temperature range for growth and reproduction of new pineapple ash mealybug.