河岸侵蚀是河流横向演变的重要方式,也是威胁沿岸土地、生态环境及人民生命财产安全的重要方式。通过回顾国内外河岸侵蚀的研究历程,将主要研究分为4个方面并加以评述:①河岸侵蚀的过程机制。河岸侵蚀是多种过程的复合体,许多学者提出不同的理论来解释。其中,河岸稳定性理论得到了较为广泛的认可。②河岸侵蚀的影响因素。影响河岸塌岸的因素主要有水文、土壤、河流、气象、岸坡和植物等,但不同因素在塌岸过程中的重要性是不等价的,甚至同一因素在不同河段会对河岸崩塌产生迥异的影响。③河岸侵蚀量的估算。随着测量手段的不断改进,侵蚀量测量的时间间隔越来越短,空间范围越来越大,精度越来越高。早期的测量中,广泛应用了简便易行、经济适用的侵蚀针法,而如今,遥感影像和摄影测量技术已逐渐成为主流方法。④河岸侵蚀的模型模拟。目前河岸侵蚀的模拟模型多基于水力学、土力学等基本理论,研究岸坡稳定性。在对以上4个方面进行回顾的基础上,讨论了目前研究存在的主要问题,并对未来河岸侵蚀研究工作开展进行展望。提出应首先研究河段河岸侵蚀的时空特征,选择合理的方法、技术体系,通过微观与宏观相结合的方式,对河岸侵蚀的时空分布进行量化分析,从而为预报河岸侵蚀及制定防治措施奠定基础。 River bank erosion is an important way for the horizontal evolution of the river and an important way to threaten the coastal land, ecological environment and people’s lives and property. By reviewing the research process of river erosion at home and abroad, the main research is divided into four aspects and reviewed: (1) The process mechanism of river erosion. River erosion is a complex of many processes, many scholars put forward different theories to explain. Among them, the bank stability theory has been widely recognized. ② factors affecting river erosion. The main factors that affect river bank collapse are hydrology, soil, river, meteorology, bank slope and vegetation. However, the importance of different factors in bank collapse is not equal, and even the same factor can cause bank collapse in different river sections Have a very different impact. ③ Estimation of riverbank erosion. With the continuous improvement of measurement methods, the measurement of erosion time interval is shorter and shorter, the scope of the space is bigger and bigger, the accuracy is higher and higher. In earlier surveys, simple, affordable erosion needles were widely used, and today remote sensing and photogrammetry techniques have become the dominant method. ④ River erosion model simulation. At present, the simulation models of river bank erosion are mostly based on the basic theories of hydraulics and soil mechanics to study the stability of the bank. Based on the review of the above four aspects, the main problems existing in the current research are discussed, and the future research work of riverbank erosion is prospected. It is suggested that the spatio-temporal characteristics of riverbank erosion should be studied first, reasonable methods and technical systems should be selected, and the spatial and temporal distribution of riverbank erosion should be quantitatively analyzed through a combination of micro and macro measures to lay a foundation for forecasting river bank erosion and making prevention and control measures .