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分别用NaOH、Na_2SiO_3和K_2CO_3催化剂对竹粉表面进行催化水热处理,与PVC共混热模压成型制得竹塑复合材料。通过对处理前后竹粉化学成分分析、SEM分析及复合材料性能测试,探讨了催化水热处理对竹粉与PVC基体界面的增容作用,研究了催化剂种类和浓度对复合材料力学性能、耐水性能的影响。结果表明:催化水热处理能改善竹粉与PVC基体的相容性,竹粉在PVC基体中分布更为均匀。催化剂种类和浓度对复合材料物理力学性能影响显著。随着3种催化剂浓度按0.5%、1%、2%增加,复合材料的力学强度呈现先增大后减小的趋势,1%K_2CO_3处理的复合材料拉伸强度达到极大值,1%Na_2SiO_3处理的弯曲弹性模量达到极大值,2%K_2CO_3处理的静曲强度达到极大值。复合材料的2 h吸水率、2 h和24 h厚度膨胀率在1%Na_2SiO_3处理时达到极小值,24 h吸水率在2%Na_2SiO_3处理时达到极小值。
The surface of bamboo powder was hydrothermally treated with NaOH, Na_2SiO_3 and K_2CO_3 respectively, and then blended with PVC to prepare a hot-pressed bamboo-plastic composite. Through the analysis of the chemical composition of bamboo powder before and after the treatment, the SEM analysis and the testing of composite materials, the compatibilization effect of catalytic hydrothermal treatment on the interface between bamboo powder and PVC matrix was discussed. The effects of catalyst type and concentration on the mechanical properties, water resistance influences. The results show that catalytic hydrothermal treatment can improve the compatibility of bamboo powder and PVC matrix, and the distribution of bamboo powder in PVC matrix is more uniform. The type and concentration of catalyst have a significant impact on the physical and mechanical properties of the composites. The mechanical strength of the composites first increased and then decreased with the increase of the concentration of the three catalysts at 0.5%, 1% and 2%. The tensile strength of the composites treated with 1% K_2CO_3 reached the maximum value and the maximum tensile strength of the composites was 1% Na_2SiO_3 The flexural modulus of elasticity reached the maximum value, and the maximum bending strength of 2% K_2CO_3 reached the maximum value. The 2 h water absorption, 2 h and 24 h swelling rate of the composites reached the minimum at 1% Na_2SiO_3 treatment, and reached the minimum at 24 h after the treatment with 2% Na_2SiO_3.