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为探明南方旱地土壤磷素盈余问题,以湖南省浏阳市河潮土为研究对象,通过田间小区试验,探讨玉米减磷施肥对作物产量、磷肥利用率和磷流失量的影响。结果表明,与常规施磷相比,过磷酸钙减少20%范围内对玉米产量没有显著影响,减磷达到30%时玉米减产,但差异不显著;减磷施肥,磷素利用率提高1.61~4.61个百分点,同时磷径流损失量减少13.7%~22.1%;在保证产量的前提下,各减量施肥处理中,以减磷20%处理最佳。研究结果可为该地区旱地作物合理施磷和区域面源污染防控及水环境保护提供依据。
In order to find out the problem of phosphorus surplus in the dry land of southern China, the paper studied the influence of reducing phosphorus fertilization on crop yield, phosphorus utilization rate and phosphorus loss by field plot test in Heichao, Liuyang City, Hunan Province. The results showed that compared with the conventional phosphorus application, the decrease of 20% of the superphosphate did not have a significant effect on the yield of maize, but the difference was not significant when the phosphorus was reduced to 30% 4.61 percentage points, while the loss of phosphorus runoff decreased 13.7% ~ 22.1%; under the premise of ensuring the yield, the reduction of fertilization treatment, the best 20% phosphorus treatment. The results can provide the basis for the reasonable phosphorus application in dryland crops and the prevention and control of regional non-point source pollution and water environment protection in this area.