普希金的诗体小说《叶甫盖尼·奥涅金》是俄国批判现实主义文学的奠基作。小说的主人公奥涅金通常被看成是“多余人”的始祖。按照文学史上“多余人”的概念来看,这种论断实在难于苟同。一八二七年,诗人巴拉丁斯基就小说前几章写信给普希金说:“每个人都各有解释,有人赞扬,有人咒骂,而所有的人都读这些诗。”普希金在写这部小说的过程中也和读者争辩过。今天,“多余人”的观点已成通论,但持异议者也大有人在。 Pushkin’s poetic novel “Yevgeny Onegin” is the foundation stone of Russian critical realism literature. Onegin, the protagonist of the novel, is often seen as the ancestor of the “redundant”. According to the concept of “redundant people” in the history of literature, this argument is hardly agreeable. In 1827, the poet Balladinsky wrote to Pushkin in the first few chapters of the novel: “Everyone has their own interpretation, some praising, some cursing, and all reading it.” Pushkin wrote this The novel also argues with readers. Today, the view of “surplus people” has become generalized, but there are still many dissenters.