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红外热像在国防、工农业生产及科研各领域中有着广泛的应用，而其理论建模又具有极其经济和有效的特点。为此，我们查阅了大量的文献，根据国外的研究情况，在综合考虑各种热效应的基础上，通过合理简化，得到了相应的物理模型。在考虑到外界环境（太阳、天空、海面等）热辐射、空气对流换热和船体模型各部分之间传导及辐射等传热效应的基础上，建立了稳态热交换方程组。在给走一组外界环境参数、船体模型几何结构参数和材料热物性参数的情况下，通过数值计算得出了船体模型的表观温度和真实温度分布，从而得到了船体模型的模拟热像图。并编制了相应的软件，实现船体结构的输入、显示、温度场计算及结果显示。通过改变参数（如：目标材料发射率、海面或天空的表现温度、太阳能流密度等），较为详细地研究了各种因素的变化对目标模拟热像图的影响。本文主要探讨了理论模型。
Infrared thermography has a wide range of applications in the fields of national defense, industrial and agricultural production and scientific research, and its theoretical modeling is extremely economical and effective. For this reason, we have consulted a large number of literatures. Based on the researches in other countries and on the basis of comprehensive consideration of various thermal effects, we have obtained the appropriate physical models through rational simplification. Based on the heat transfer effects of heat radiation, air convection heat transfer and various parts of hull model in the external environment (such as the sun, sky and sea surface), a steady heat exchange equation system is established. Under the circumstance that a set of external environmental parameters, geometric parameters of the hull model and thermal physical parameters of the hull are taken, the apparent temperature and the real temperature distribution of the hull model are obtained by numerical calculation, and the simulated thermographic image of the hull model is obtained . And compiles the corresponding software to realize hull structure input, display, temperature field calculation and result display. By changing the parameters (such as: target material emissivity, sea surface or sky performance temperature, solar flux density, etc.), the effects of various factors on the simulated thermogram of the target are studied in more detail. This article mainly discusses the theoretical model.