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“在考场上少丢一分比多得一分更容易,更有实际意义”。这是很多高考“状元”、中考“状元”的考场决胜策略。
从近几年阅卷场中反馈的信息看,每年中考都有一些考生失分率普遍较高的题,其实这些题并不都是难题、偏题,或需要多高的解题技巧,但考生往往由于种种原因出错,造成失分甚至不得分。所以要求考生在平时的学习中重视解决这些一再出错的问题,及时总结,把易错题整理到一个小本子上,这就是我们常说的错题本。
整理错题本
可以静下心来把老师发给你的练习卷子甚至你做过的一些练习题里的错题整理出来,专门抄写在一个错题本上,然后把错题再做一遍。这个本的正面一页是错题的原题,背面是答案,这样错题本就可以反复使用。做完以后发现自己还有哪些不明白、不确定的都要作一个记录,直到得到正确的解答,弄懂了为止。你可以把这些题先暂时放一下,过两天,拿出来再做一遍。这是排除错题,减少错误率的好方法,也是复习语法的好方法。
查漏综合题
可以做一些综合练习题来判断自己在哪方面还有漏洞。找来以前做过的综合体试卷,从中总结出自己究竟在哪些方面经常出错,把相同类型的题整理到一起。这样也会对做综合题有个整体概念,找到漏洞,弥补不足。
读诵半小时
每天利用至少半小时时间,大声地朗读和背诵所学过的课文、对话、单词,通过朗读和背诵进行听、说训练。你如果有磁带的话,可以每天坚持边听磁带边做题,对学过的课本内容进行全面的复习。
【典型题例1】
(湖北省)—Who gave you the for the book?
—Nobody did. But I think it’s really well written.
A. timeB. addressC. mind D. idea
错解现象及原因:这是考查在语境中辨别名词的试题,考生由于没有读懂第二句,而误选答案A、B;由于不能准确辨别mind与idea的意义和用法,而误选C。
解析:从第一句字面意思“谁给你书的……”来看,答案time(时间)和address(地址)都不符合题意,可以排除;从本题的关键句But I think it’s really well written. (但我认为这本书真的写得非常好。),可以看出问的是对书的“想法、看法”,短语the idea for...的意思是“对……的想法”,最符合本句的意思,所以正确答案为D。
巩固练习1
1.(天津市)Tom regards Tianjin as his second____because he has been there for over ten years.
A. familyB. houseC. roomD. home
2.(安徽省)—Please give me a____when you arrive.
—OK. I’ll tell you everything as soom as I get there.
A. ringB. presentC. handD. ride
3. (江苏省)—Sorry, Jane. I took your school bag by____.
—It doesn’t matter.
A. handB. mistakeC. bikeD. heart
4.(山东省)They have much coloured____. Let’s go and ask for some.
A. rulersB.paperC. erasersD. sharpeners
5. (河南省)If Mr. Smith comes, tell him to leave a____.
A. newsB. sentenceC. notice D. message
6. (山东省)Cancer is a terrible____. It kills millions of people every year.
A. painB. coughC. diseaseD. experience
7.(重庆市)She has been in Chongqing for eight years. Chongqing has become her second____.
A. stationB. houseC. home D. room
8.(山东省)Once upon a time, we Chinese made the first kite. People used the kites to send____to other places, because they didn’t have telephones, computers, or even radios.
A. languagesB. newspapers
C. messages D. magazines
小结
在中考中,这类对名词的考查考题中占了一定的比例,它通常是通过一定的语境,考查名词的用法,有些试题比较难。解答这类试题时,一要读懂题干的意思,看空格处需要填的词是什么意义;二要根据题意,从意义上逐个区别所给的选项,再选择最符合题意的答案;三要看所给的选项在搭配上是否与句中的提示一致,是否与限定一致。
【典型题例2】
(黑龙江省)Find____,and leave as quickly as possible if a fire breaks out in a shop.
A. NO SMOKING B. ENTRANCE
C. PUSHD. EXIT
错解现象及原因:这是一个常识性的试题,考生因为不能正确区别4个选项的意义,而误选答案A、B;又由于没有理解and 后面的提示,而误选C。
解析:做本题的第一件事是要正确区别4个选项的意义。No smoking意为“不许吸烟”,Entrance意为“入口”,Push意为“推”,Exit意为“出口”,再根据句子leave as quickly as possible if a fire breaks out in a shop(如果商场发生火灾,要尽快离开)的提示,要从“出口”才能离开,所以正确答案是D。
巩固练习2
1.(黑龙江省)“Which animal lives only in China?”“The____.”
A. tiger B. monkey C. panda D. elephant
2.(江苏省)Sandy is going to see____in New York.
A. the Statue of LibertyB. Big Ben
C. the Opera houseD. Alice Springs
3.(山东省)Which is a famous building in England?
![](https://www.soolun.com/img/pic.php?url=http://img.resource.qikan.cn/qkimages/xgnk/xgnk200902/xgnk20090209-1-l.jpg)
4.(黑龙江省)The person inis famous for“The Moonlight Sonata”.
![](https://www.soolun.com/img/pic.php?url=http://img.resource.qikan.cn/qkimages/xgnk/xgnk200902/xgnk20090209-2-l.jpg)
5.(山东省)All of the following are traffic signs except____.
A. SAVE WATERB. STOP
C. NO PARKINGD. DANGER ICE ON ROAD
6.(湖北省)—If you want to go out of a cinema, which sign should you follow?
—It’s____.
A. EXITB. ENTRANCE
C. NO PARKING D. NO SMOKING
7. (河南省)Our country has changed a lot since we joined____.
A. UNB. WTO C. NBAD. CCTV
8.(海南省)The sign____is ofter found in a reading-room, or a library.
A. NO PHOTOSB. KEEP QUIET
C. THIS SIDE UPD. OPEN
小结
这类试题主要考查学生的一些常识,可以是对标志的认识、对英美国家标志性建筑或生活习惯的认知等。它的选项可以是符号,可以是单词,也可以是图片,形式较多。这类题在近两年的中考试题中逐步增多,所以在学习中要注意积累这方面的知识,减少考试时失分。这类试题一般都有一个明确的提示,在解题时先要正确区别所给的符号所代表的意思,再结合上下文的提示和自己对它们的了解,进行选择。
【典型题例3】
(上海市)I’ve read____sports news about the F1 race today.
A. twoB. piecesC. two piecesD. two pieces of
错解现象及原因:本题考查不可数名词与数量词的搭配,学生由于news后面有s而容易误认为是名词复数,误选A;又因为没有弄清pieces后面要带介词才能接名词,而误选C。
解析:本题的关键词是news,虽然news后面有s,但它仍然是一个不可数名词,two与pieces后面不能直接接不可数名词,首先排除A、B;不可数名词表示数量时,其结构为“...of +不可数名词”,所以答案C也不对,只有答案D符合要求。
巩固练习3
1.(吉林省)We have bought two____for the coming party.
A. box of apple B. boxes of apples
C. box of applesD. boxes of apple
2.(福建省)____Jack bought a____in a shoe shop yesterday.
A. pair of shoes B. pairs of shoes
C. pair of two shoesD. pair of shoe
3.(山东省)The guide has____.She will show them to us.
A. some old paper B. some special food
C. a new jacket D. some beautiful pictures
4.(广东省)—Will you please make____for the woman with a baby?
—Sure. Take my seat, please.
A. roomsB. the roomsC. a roomD. some room
5.(云南省)Ten years has passed. I found she had____.
A. a little white hairsB. much white hairs
C. a few white hairsD. some white hair
6.(湖南省)—What can I do for you, sir?
—I’d like two____.
A. bottle of orangeB. bottle of oranges
C. bottles of orangeD. bottles of oranges
7.(广西省)—Kate, have you read today’s newspaper? There____in it.
—Not yet. What is it?
A. is an exciting news B. are some exciting news
C. are exciting newsD. is a piece of exciting news
小结
不可数名词类试题一般考查它们与形容词或与数词的搭配以及与可数名词的区别。在解答这类试题时,一要注意不可数名词是否错用复数形式(news“新闻”除外),包括与表示数量的短语搭配时;二看与谓语的一致与否,不可数名词做主语时,谓语只能用单数形式;三看前面的形容词是否能修饰不可数名词,看它们的搭配是否符合语法规定。
答案
巩固练习11.D 2.A 3.B 4.B 5.D 6.C 7.C 8.C
巩固练习21.C 2.A 3.C 4.A 5.A 6.A 7.B 8.B
巩固练习31.B 2.A 3.D 4.D 5.C 6.C 7.D
编辑/丁俊玲
从近几年阅卷场中反馈的信息看,每年中考都有一些考生失分率普遍较高的题,其实这些题并不都是难题、偏题,或需要多高的解题技巧,但考生往往由于种种原因出错,造成失分甚至不得分。所以要求考生在平时的学习中重视解决这些一再出错的问题,及时总结,把易错题整理到一个小本子上,这就是我们常说的错题本。
整理错题本
可以静下心来把老师发给你的练习卷子甚至你做过的一些练习题里的错题整理出来,专门抄写在一个错题本上,然后把错题再做一遍。这个本的正面一页是错题的原题,背面是答案,这样错题本就可以反复使用。做完以后发现自己还有哪些不明白、不确定的都要作一个记录,直到得到正确的解答,弄懂了为止。你可以把这些题先暂时放一下,过两天,拿出来再做一遍。这是排除错题,减少错误率的好方法,也是复习语法的好方法。
查漏综合题
可以做一些综合练习题来判断自己在哪方面还有漏洞。找来以前做过的综合体试卷,从中总结出自己究竟在哪些方面经常出错,把相同类型的题整理到一起。这样也会对做综合题有个整体概念,找到漏洞,弥补不足。
读诵半小时
每天利用至少半小时时间,大声地朗读和背诵所学过的课文、对话、单词,通过朗读和背诵进行听、说训练。你如果有磁带的话,可以每天坚持边听磁带边做题,对学过的课本内容进行全面的复习。
【典型题例1】
(湖北省)—Who gave you the for the book?
—Nobody did. But I think it’s really well written.
A. timeB. addressC. mind D. idea
错解现象及原因:这是考查在语境中辨别名词的试题,考生由于没有读懂第二句,而误选答案A、B;由于不能准确辨别mind与idea的意义和用法,而误选C。
解析:从第一句字面意思“谁给你书的……”来看,答案time(时间)和address(地址)都不符合题意,可以排除;从本题的关键句But I think it’s really well written. (但我认为这本书真的写得非常好。),可以看出问的是对书的“想法、看法”,短语the idea for...的意思是“对……的想法”,最符合本句的意思,所以正确答案为D。
巩固练习1
1.(天津市)Tom regards Tianjin as his second____because he has been there for over ten years.
A. familyB. houseC. roomD. home
2.(安徽省)—Please give me a____when you arrive.
—OK. I’ll tell you everything as soom as I get there.
A. ringB. presentC. handD. ride
3. (江苏省)—Sorry, Jane. I took your school bag by____.
—It doesn’t matter.
A. handB. mistakeC. bikeD. heart
4.(山东省)They have much coloured____. Let’s go and ask for some.
A. rulersB.paperC. erasersD. sharpeners
5. (河南省)If Mr. Smith comes, tell him to leave a____.
A. newsB. sentenceC. notice D. message
6. (山东省)Cancer is a terrible____. It kills millions of people every year.
A. painB. coughC. diseaseD. experience
7.(重庆市)She has been in Chongqing for eight years. Chongqing has become her second____.
A. stationB. houseC. home D. room
8.(山东省)Once upon a time, we Chinese made the first kite. People used the kites to send____to other places, because they didn’t have telephones, computers, or even radios.
A. languagesB. newspapers
C. messages D. magazines
小结
在中考中,这类对名词的考查考题中占了一定的比例,它通常是通过一定的语境,考查名词的用法,有些试题比较难。解答这类试题时,一要读懂题干的意思,看空格处需要填的词是什么意义;二要根据题意,从意义上逐个区别所给的选项,再选择最符合题意的答案;三要看所给的选项在搭配上是否与句中的提示一致,是否与限定一致。
【典型题例2】
(黑龙江省)Find____,and leave as quickly as possible if a fire breaks out in a shop.
A. NO SMOKING B. ENTRANCE
C. PUSHD. EXIT
错解现象及原因:这是一个常识性的试题,考生因为不能正确区别4个选项的意义,而误选答案A、B;又由于没有理解and 后面的提示,而误选C。
解析:做本题的第一件事是要正确区别4个选项的意义。No smoking意为“不许吸烟”,Entrance意为“入口”,Push意为“推”,Exit意为“出口”,再根据句子leave as quickly as possible if a fire breaks out in a shop(如果商场发生火灾,要尽快离开)的提示,要从“出口”才能离开,所以正确答案是D。
巩固练习2
1.(黑龙江省)“Which animal lives only in China?”“The____.”
A. tiger B. monkey C. panda D. elephant
2.(江苏省)Sandy is going to see____in New York.
A. the Statue of LibertyB. Big Ben
C. the Opera houseD. Alice Springs
3.(山东省)Which is a famous building in England?
![](https://www.soolun.com/img/pic.php?url=http://img.resource.qikan.cn/qkimages/xgnk/xgnk200902/xgnk20090209-1-l.jpg)
4.(黑龙江省)The person inis famous for“The Moonlight Sonata”.
![](https://www.soolun.com/img/pic.php?url=http://img.resource.qikan.cn/qkimages/xgnk/xgnk200902/xgnk20090209-2-l.jpg)
5.(山东省)All of the following are traffic signs except____.
A. SAVE WATERB. STOP
C. NO PARKINGD. DANGER ICE ON ROAD
6.(湖北省)—If you want to go out of a cinema, which sign should you follow?
—It’s____.
A. EXITB. ENTRANCE
C. NO PARKING D. NO SMOKING
7. (河南省)Our country has changed a lot since we joined____.
A. UNB. WTO C. NBAD. CCTV
8.(海南省)The sign____is ofter found in a reading-room, or a library.
A. NO PHOTOSB. KEEP QUIET
C. THIS SIDE UPD. OPEN
小结
这类试题主要考查学生的一些常识,可以是对标志的认识、对英美国家标志性建筑或生活习惯的认知等。它的选项可以是符号,可以是单词,也可以是图片,形式较多。这类题在近两年的中考试题中逐步增多,所以在学习中要注意积累这方面的知识,减少考试时失分。这类试题一般都有一个明确的提示,在解题时先要正确区别所给的符号所代表的意思,再结合上下文的提示和自己对它们的了解,进行选择。
【典型题例3】
(上海市)I’ve read____sports news about the F1 race today.
A. twoB. piecesC. two piecesD. two pieces of
错解现象及原因:本题考查不可数名词与数量词的搭配,学生由于news后面有s而容易误认为是名词复数,误选A;又因为没有弄清pieces后面要带介词才能接名词,而误选C。
解析:本题的关键词是news,虽然news后面有s,但它仍然是一个不可数名词,two与pieces后面不能直接接不可数名词,首先排除A、B;不可数名词表示数量时,其结构为“...of +不可数名词”,所以答案C也不对,只有答案D符合要求。
巩固练习3
1.(吉林省)We have bought two____for the coming party.
A. box of apple B. boxes of apples
C. box of applesD. boxes of apple
2.(福建省)____Jack bought a____in a shoe shop yesterday.
A. pair of shoes B. pairs of shoes
C. pair of two shoesD. pair of shoe
3.(山东省)The guide has____.She will show them to us.
A. some old paper B. some special food
C. a new jacket D. some beautiful pictures
4.(广东省)—Will you please make____for the woman with a baby?
—Sure. Take my seat, please.
A. roomsB. the roomsC. a roomD. some room
5.(云南省)Ten years has passed. I found she had____.
A. a little white hairsB. much white hairs
C. a few white hairsD. some white hair
6.(湖南省)—What can I do for you, sir?
—I’d like two____.
A. bottle of orangeB. bottle of oranges
C. bottles of orangeD. bottles of oranges
7.(广西省)—Kate, have you read today’s newspaper? There____in it.
—Not yet. What is it?
A. is an exciting news B. are some exciting news
C. are exciting newsD. is a piece of exciting news
小结
不可数名词类试题一般考查它们与形容词或与数词的搭配以及与可数名词的区别。在解答这类试题时,一要注意不可数名词是否错用复数形式(news“新闻”除外),包括与表示数量的短语搭配时;二看与谓语的一致与否,不可数名词做主语时,谓语只能用单数形式;三看前面的形容词是否能修饰不可数名词,看它们的搭配是否符合语法规定。
答案
巩固练习11.D 2.A 3.B 4.B 5.D 6.C 7.C 8.C
巩固练习21.C 2.A 3.C 4.A 5.A 6.A 7.B 8.B
巩固练习31.B 2.A 3.D 4.D 5.C 6.C 7.D
编辑/丁俊玲