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【目的】选育高油、高产且适应性广的花生新品种,为广西花生产业的可持续发展提供良种和技术支持。【方法】以优异种质0442/3001-18为母本、(025春/26×汕油162)F5代为父本,通过有性杂交,采用多代定向选择结合系谱选育法,并经过区域试验和生产试验综合考察,选育出花生新品种桂花33。【结果】桂花33株型直立紧凑、生长势强,耐旱、抗倒伏性强,抗叶斑病、中抗青枯病。2011~2012年品比试验发现,荚果平均产量4149.05 kg/ha,分别比对照汕油523和桂花21增产10.68%和12.31%。在2013~2014年广西花生区域试验中,荚果平均产量4281.23 kg/ha,籽仁平均产量2759.10 kg/ha,分别比对照桂花21增产7.81%和7.70%;平均粗脂肪含量55.57%,蛋白质含量26.15%,饱果率84.87%,双仁果率82.82%,百果重189.5 g,百仁重74.7 g,出仁率65.05%。在广西武鸣生产试验中,荚果平均产量4193.50 kg/ha,比当地主栽品种桂花17增产12.06%;在武宣县和北流市生产试验中,荚果平均产量分别为4050.50和4237.60 kg/ha。于2015年6月通过广西农作物品种审定委员会审定,是目前华南花生产区育成且油含量最高的花生品种。【结论】桂花33油含量高、产量高、适应性广,综合性状优良,适宜在我国南方各主要花生产区推广种植,栽培上应注意在生长中后期适当进行苗情控制。
【Objective】 Breeding new peanut varieties with high oil, high yield and wide adaptability provided seed and technical support for the sustainable development of Guangxi peanut industry. 【Method】 F5 was used as male parent of 0442 / 3001-18 with excellent germplasm (025 Spring / 26 × Shanyou 162) as its male parent. Through sexual crosses, multiple generations of selective mating and pedigree breeding were adopted, Test and production test comprehensive inspection, breeding new breed of sweet-scented osmanthus 33. 【Result】 Osmanthus fragrans 33 plants were erect and compact with strong growth potential, drought tolerance, strong lodging resistance, leaf spot resistance and resistance to bacterial wilt. Compared with the control Shanyou 523 and sweet-scented osmanthus 21, the average yield of pod was 4149.05 kg / ha from 2011 to 2012, and the yield was 10.68% and 12.31% respectively. In the peanut regional trial of Guangxi from 2013 to 2014, the average yield of pod was 4281.23 kg / ha and the average yield of seed kernel was 2759.10 kg / ha, which increased 7.81% and 7.70% respectively than the control sweet-scented osmanthus 21; the average crude fat content was 55.57% and the protein content was 26.15 %, The full fruit rate was 84.87%, the double fruit rate was 82.82%, the fruit weight was 189.5 g, the weight was 74.7 g, and the kernel rate was 65.05%. In the Wuming production experiment in Guangxi, the average yield of pod was 4193.50 kg / ha, which was 12.06% higher than that of the local cultivar Osmanthus fragrans 17; in the production test of Wuxuan County and Beiliu City, the average pod yield was 4050.50 and 4237.60 kg / ha respectively. It passed the approval of Guangxi Crop Variety Approval Committee in June 2015 and is the peanut variety with the highest oil content and fertility in South China Flower Production Area. 【Conclusion】 Osmanthus fragrans 33 oil has high oil content, high yield, wide adaptability and good comprehensive characters. It is suitable to popularize and grow in the major flower growing areas in South China. It should pay attention to control the seedling condition properly in the mid and late growing period.