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目的 了解缺碘对听力的影响和碘盐干预对听力改善的长期效果。方法 采用丹麦AS 72型纯音诊断测听器 ,于 1984年 (供碘前 )对广东省碘缺乏病重病区龙川县上坪镇进行学生听力测定 ,食用 1∶2 0 0 0 0碘盐 5、15年后进行听力追踪调查。结果 供碘前 ,缺碘地区学生平均听阈高于非缺碘地区 (病区气导 17 4dB ,骨导 13 8dB ;非病区气导 4 7dB ,骨导 3 3dB) ,表现为双侧低频感觉神经性听力下降 ;供碘盐 5年后缺碘地区气导平均听阈下降 4 9dB(气导 12 5dB) ,听力明显改善 ,尤其是供碘前各频听力损失在 2 6dB以下的轻度听力障碍者 ,本次测定时已全部恢复正常 ,但仍未达到非缺碘区水平 ;骨导听力无明显改善 (骨导 12 1dB) ;供碘 15年后 ,骨导听力得到明显改善 ,平均听阈降低 5 9dB(骨导 7 9dB)。供碘 15年后骨导听力提高的幅度与供碘 5年后气导听力提高的幅度相近 ,但气、骨导听力均未达到非缺碘区水平。结论 缺碘区补碘可使人群的听力明显提高 ,气导听力改善较快 ,骨导听力改善较迟 ,但未能恢复至非缺碘区水平。
Objective To understand the effect of iodine deficiency on hearing and the long-term effect of iodized salt on hearing improvement. Methods Danish AS 72 pure tone diagnostic hearing aids, in 1984 (for iodine) before iodine deficiency disease in Guangdong Province, Longchuan County, the town of Ping hearing hearing, consumption of 1: 20000 iodized salt 5 , 15 years after the hearing tracking investigation. Results Before iodine supply, the average hearing threshold of students in iodine-deficient areas was higher than that in non-iodine-deficient areas (17 4 dB in the ward, 13 8 dB in the bone conduction area, 47 dB in the non-ward area, and 3 3dB in the bone conduction area) Neurological hearing loss; for iodized salt 5 years after iodine deficiency areas, the average hearing-induced hearing threshold decreased 49dB (air guide 125dB), significantly improved hearing, especially for pre-iodine hearing loss in each frequency below 26dB of mild hearing impairment , This test has returned to normal, but still not reached the level of non-iodine deficiency; bone conduction hearing no significant improvement (bone conduction 12 1dB); 15 years after iodine supply, bone conduction hearing was significantly improved, the average hearing threshold decreased 5 9dB (bone conduction 7 9dB). After 15 years of iodine supply, the increase of bone conduction hearing was similar to the increase of air conduction hearing after 5 years of iodine supply, but the gas and bone conduction hearing did not reach the level of non-iodine deficiency area. Conclusion Iodine-enriched iodine can significantly improve the hearing ability of the population, improve the air-conduction hearing faster, improve the bone conduction hearing late, but failed to return to the level of non-iodine deficiency.