中世纪以来,英国基础教育教师的职位逐步拓展到社会不同身份和地位的人群,逐步打破了由神职人员垄断的局面。在国民教育体系形成以前,教师生活来源大体可以分为神职收入、社会捐赠、薪金、奖金、学费、小费,以及其他补充收入等,不同等级的学校、不同身份和地位的教师生活状况各有差异。教师群体也因此逐渐形成身份多元化、群体复杂性、地位和职能多样性的特点,长期以来很难形成统一的职业行会,以保障群体利益。近代以来,随着国家对教育事务的更多关注,教师薪酬制度逐渐确立,教师职业逐渐走向规范化、专业化。 Since the Middle Ages, the positions of teachers of basic education in Britain have gradually expanded to people of different social identities and status, and have gradually broken the monopoly position of clergy. Before the formation of the national education system, the sources of life of teachers can be divided into religious service income, social donations, salaries, bonuses, tuition fees, tips and other supplementary income. Different levels of schools, teachers of different identities and positions have different living conditions . As a result, teachers’ groups have gradually formed the characteristics of diverse identities, group complexity, status and function diversity. For a long time, it is hard to form a unified professional guild to protect the interests of the group. Since modern times, as the state has paid more attention to educational affairs, teachers ’salary system has gradually been established, and teachers’ occupations gradually become standardized and professional.