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目的了解在青海省藏区寄宿制学校中小学生中开展营养教育的效果,为加强藏区寄宿制学生营养健康教育提供依据。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法,对青海省2个藏族自治县4所寄宿制学校的2 532名中小学生营养知识和营养行为相关问题进行基线问卷调查;根据调查结果,针对学生营养知识和行为存在的问题制作宣传和培训资料,并开展相应健康教育活动。健康教育活动后,采取相同问卷对基线调查学校学生1 766名进行终末调查。结果项目活动前后,藏区寄宿制学校中小学生的营养健康知识总体知晓率从38.20%提高到86.23%(χ2=985.58,P<0.01),健康饮食行为总体形成率从45.48%提高到71.43%(χ2=284.85,P<0.01);大部分营养知识知晓率和饮食行为形成率较基线调查分别提高40和30百分点。项目活动后初中生营养知识知晓率和健康饮食行为形成率均高于小学生。结论营养健康教育是提高寄宿制学校中小学生营养知识知晓率和行为形成率的有效方式。管理部门和学校应加强中小学生日常营养健康教育工作。
Objective To understand the effects of nutrition education among primary and middle school students in boarding schools in Qinghai Province and provide basis for strengthening the nutrition and health education of boarding students in Tibetan areas. Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was used to survey the nutritional and behavioral problems of 2 532 primary and secondary school students in 4 boarding schools in 2 Tibetan Autonomous County of Qinghai Province. According to the survey results, the students’ nutritional knowledge and behaviors Existing problems Produce propaganda and training materials, and carry out corresponding health education activities. After health education activities, the same questionnaires were used to conduct terminal surveys of 1,766 students from the baseline survey. Results Before and after the project activities, the overall awareness rate of nutrition and health knowledge among primary and secondary school students in boarding schools in Tibet increased from 38.20% to 86.23% (χ2 = 985.58, P <0.01), and the overall rate of healthy diet behavior increased from 45.48% to 71.43% χ2 = 284.85, P <0.01). The awareness rate of most nutritional knowledge and the rate of dietary behaviors were increased by 40 and 30 percentage points respectively compared with the baseline survey. Junior high school students awareness of nutrition awareness and healthy eating behavior formation rate after the project activities were higher than primary school students. Conclusion Nutrition and health education is an effective way to improve the awareness and behavior formation rate of primary and middle school students in boarding schools. Administrative departments and schools should strengthen primary and secondary school students’ daily nutrition and health education.