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目的飞行人员高原驻训,特殊的自然环境以及飞行任务的压力,会对情绪状态及认知能力造成不良影响,对航空心理卫生保障提出了新的要求。针对高原特殊环境对人的心理生理的不良影响,研究高原驻训对飞行员心理状态的影响及相关因素,提出心理卫生保障方法。方法以20名高原驻训飞行员为研究对象,在进驻3 700~3 800 m高原前,进行卡特尔16种人格因素问卷(16PF)、症状自评量表(SCL-90)测试,在常驻高原期间采用SCL-90和高原心理影响因素调查问卷测试,比较分析高原驻训前后心理状态的变化,研究性格因素与心理状态的关系,明确重要的心理影响因素,提出高原航空心理卫生保障方法。结果 16PF想象性因子与进驻高原前SCL-90总分呈负相关(r=-0.710,P<0.01),与进驻后SCL-90总分呈负相关(r=-0.753,P<0.01),忧虑性因子与进驻后SCL-90总分呈正相关(r=0.577,P<0.05),结果有统计学意义。高原期间最明显的心理症状是睡眠问题、强迫症状、忘记性大、心跳的厉害、呼吸有困难、胃口不好、腰痛,主要的影响因素是环境单调、对身体健康的担心、体能不足、家庭问题、高原反应相关症状。针对高原的不良影响,制定了航空心理卫生保障方法,包括飞行人员心理筛选、进驻前心理准备、自主神经反馈控制训练、漂浮舱心理训练、经颅微电流刺激等方法,结合低氧预习服等综合卫生保障措施开展,通过保障应用初步验证了心理卫生保障效果。结论人格特征对高原心理状态具有预测作用,忧虑性高的人心理反应明显,可以考虑在飞行员高原驻训人员筛选中应用。高原期间的心理症状会与高原适应过程中主要心理生理变化产生重叠效应,应通过综合的高原航空心理训练保障方法可以改善心理状态。
The flight attendants’ training in the plateau, the special natural environment and the pressure of the flight mission will adversely affect the emotional status and cognitive ability, and set new demands on aviation mental health protection. In view of the adverse effects of special plateau environment on human psychology and physiology, this paper studies the influence of stationed training on the pilot’s mental state and related factors, and puts forward the method of mental health care. Methods A total of 20 pilots from the Plateau were selected as study subjects. Before entering the plateau at 3700 ~ 3800 m, 16 Cartel QF (16PF) and SCL-90 were tested. During the plateau, the SCL-90 and Plateau Psychological Factors Questionnaire were used to test the changes of psychological status before and after training in the plateau. The relationship between personality factors and psychological status was analyzed and the important psychological factors were clarified. Results The 16PF imaginal factor was negatively correlated with the total SCL-90 score before entering the plateau (r = -0.710, P <0.01) and negatively correlated with the SCL-90 total score after the stationing (r = -0.753, P <0.01) There was a positive correlation between anxiety and SCL-90 scores after admission (r = 0.577, P <0.05). The results were statistically significant. The most obvious psychological symptoms during the plateau were sleep problems, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, forgetfulness, severe heartbeat, difficulty breathing, poor appetite and low back pain. The main influencing factors were monotonous environment, concerns about physical health, lack of physical strength, Problem, altitude sickness related symptoms. In view of the bad influence of the plateau, the aeronautical mental health safeguarding method is formulated, including pilot psychological screening, pre-station psychological preparation, autonomic nerve feedback control training, floating cabin psychological training, transcranial micro-current stimulation, combined with hypoxic preconditioning Comprehensive health protection measures to carry out, through the application of security to verify the initial effect of mental health protection. Conclusion Personality traits have a predictive effect on mental state of plateau. Psychological reactions of people with high anxiety are obvious, which can be considered in the selection of pilots trained in pilots. The psychological symptoms during the plateau will have an overlapping effect with the main psychological and physiological changes in the plateau adaptation process. Psychological conditions should be improved through the comprehensive plateau aviation psychological training and assurance methods.