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在国际法体系中,武装冲突法可谓编纂得最为完备的一个分支。经过数百年的积累和铺垫,第二次世界大战后武力使用规范逐渐发展成为完整的规范体系并呈现出四大特征:即为了适应国际关系的新变化武装冲突法扩大了适用范围;使用核武器是否合法成为国际法的重要问题;出现了在武装冲突中“反向”使用武力以达到实现和平目的的新方式——联合国维持和平行动以及在武装冲突中出现了大量作为作战手段而使用的性暴力行为等。然而进入21世纪以后,武装冲突的形态与样式均发生了重大变化,一方面,以无人机、自主作战机器人、纳米生物武器和网络战为代表的新型作战手段方法层出不穷;另一方面,非国家行为体在武装冲突中使用武力的情况有所增加,更出现了私人军事安保公司等法律地位在国际法上尚处于空白的交战主体。以朝核危机为标志,核武器对于国际和平与安全的巨大的潜在甚至是现实的威胁再次凸显,迅速成为国际政治和国际法中的热点核心议题。值得注意的是,即使武装冲突法的基本原则依然相对稳定,但是不断出现的新作战手段和方法,仍然给国际法和国际安全提出了一系列亟须应对的新挑战。
In the system of international law, the law of armed conflict is one of the most codified branches. After hundreds of years of accumulation and preparation, the norms of the use of force after the Second World War gradually developed into a complete normative system and showed four characteristics: that is, to adapt to the new changes in international relations, the law of armed conflicts has expanded its scope of application; the use of nuclear weapons Whether legality is an important issue in international law; there has been a new way of using “reverse” force in the armed conflict to achieve the goal of peace - United Nations peacekeeping operations and the massive use of weapons in armed conflicts as a means of warfare Sexual violence and so on. However, since the beginning of the 21st century, the forms and styles of armed conflicts have undergone major changes. On the one hand, new methods of combat means such as unmanned aerial vehicles, autonomous combat robots, nano-biological weapons and cyberwar are emerging in an endless stream; on the other hand, The use of force by armed civilians in state actors has been on the increase. The legal status of private military security companies is emerging as a belligerent subject under international law. With the DPRK nuclear crisis as the norm, the once again potentially huge threat to international peace and security, once again highlighted by nuclear weapons, has quickly become a hot topic in international politics and international law. It is noteworthy that even though the basic principles of the law of armed conflict are still relatively stable, the emerging new means of warfare and methods still present a series of new challenges that must be urgently addressed to international law and international security.